내 뒤에 김무성 있다? 정치 비화 지금 다 까겠다" - 전광훈 목사 폭탄 선언 ② - 조우석 칼럼 -
[뉴스타운TV]
문재인 대통령은 함량 미달이다
마중가
국가간의 관계는 해당국간에 체결한 조약이나 협정에 의해 설정(to orientate)된다. 이런 조약은 최고 국정 책임자가 인가한 것이므로 정부가 바뀌어도 계속 살아있다. 아무리 불평등 조약이라도 일단 조상들이 체결했으면 그 조약이 파기되든가 혹은 새로운 조약으로 대체하기 전 까지는 후대가 함부로 修正하면 안된다.
중국(청왕조+중화민국)은 세상에서 가장 많은 불평등 조약을 체결한 나라다. 1842년의 '南京條約'을 필두로 1915년 몽고 챠크투에서 러시아와 체결한 '중러몽조약'을 마지막으로 도합 29개의 불평등 조약을 체결했다.
南京條約은 청나라 道光皇帝 때 체결했는데 그 다음 황제인 咸豐. 同治, 光緖, 宣統까지 지켜졌다. 中共이 대륙을 장악한 후 외국열강을 무력으로 내쫓았고 모든 불평등조약을 폐기시켰다. 그러나 南京條約에 포함된 홍콩 영구할양과 九龍半島 99년 조차(租借)는 1984年에 중공과 영국의 '홍콩문제 관한 연합성명'을 통해서만 반환하였다. 즉 중공은 까마득한 옛날 옛적 청나라 황제가 아편전쟁 침략자 英國에게 빼앗긴 땅을 協商을 거쳐서야 반환받은 셈이다. 이 사실은 국가간의 조약이 얼마나 莊嚴한 것임을 깨우쳐 주고 있다. (조갑제닷컴 발췌)
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Gordon G. Chang
On @FoxFriendsFirst at 4:15 ET to talk with @HeatherChilders about #China signaling surrender in the #trade war. With multiple crises--#HongKong, a crumbling economy, etc.--#XiJinping is vulnerable. Now is not the time to let up pressure.
홍콩 사태와 붕괴되는 경제 등 여러 겹의 위기 속에서, 중국이
미중 무역전쟁에서의 항복을 표시하고 있지만, 미국은 압력을
낮출 때가 아니다.
Breaking #FoxNews Alert : China seeks 'calm’
negotiations in trade dispute with US
미국과의 무역 분쟁에서 중국이 조용한 협상을 하자고
한다.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Michael Nicoletos
CNH (offshore) - CNY (onshore) spread for the
pace.
Things could get bumpy. #China
돈이 중국 밖으로 급속하게 빠져나가고 있다.
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중국 외환보유고에 큰 문제 생긴듯 (feat.국가부도) / 신세기 티비
-------------------------------------------------------------
Jonathan Chatwin
Intrigued to read this - a reappraisal or Yuan Shikai, stock villain of early 20th C China, the man who quashed the reforms of 1898 and had Song Jiaoren assassinated. Great subject for a bio.
위엔스카이의 재평가 평전
Yuan Shikai (1859–1916) has been hailed as China's George Washington for his role in the country's transition from empire to republic. Yet Yuan Shikai: A Reappraisal sheds new light on the equally controversial history of this talented administrator and modernizer who endeavoured to establish a new dynasty while serving as the first president of the republic. Since his death during the civil war his actions provoked, he has been condemned as a counterrevolutionary. Drawing on untapped primary sources and recent scholarship, Patrick Fuliang Shan offers a lucid, comprehensive, and critical new interpretation of Yuan's part in shaping modern China.
-----------------------------------------------------------
James Millward 米華健
I’ve been saying this for a while. HK, XJ, Taiwan, and Tibet are all imperial / colonial legacy issues of Qing empire transition to Mandarin-speaking Han-centric nation state. The issues are heating up because current CCP is forcing mandarin-Han nationalist conformity.
홍콩, 신장, 대만, 티벳은 청왕조의 식민지 유산이 普通話를 하
는 한족 중심의 민족 국가로 전이되는 과정의 문제이다.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Alexandra Stevenson
Sidney Rittenberg, one-time adviser to Mao later said: "I had been right to help those who were working for a new China. I had been dead wrong in accepting the party as the embodiment of truth & in giving to the party uncritical and unquestioning loyalty."
시드니 리텐버그라고 한때 모택동의 조언자이기도 했던, 쓸모
있는 바보가 98살로 미국에서 사망했다고 한다.
----------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
선동공작간첩단2019.08.27 13:25:00
명예광주시민2019.08.27 16:16:06
--->탄핵 검사인 고형곤을 끌여들여 조국을 수사하는 걸 보면,
저들은 이번 사태를 모든 반대를 무릎쓰고 돌파하기로 작정한
듯하다. 조국이 임명되면, 그 다음 수순은 이미 다 알고 있는 대
로이다.
---------------------------------------------------------
자유한국당 나경원 원내대표는 27일 "검찰이 (조국 법무부 장관 후보자와 관련해) 대대적인 압수수색을 했지만, 핵심이 빠진 것 같다. 조 후보자 본인에 대한 압수수색이 없었다"고 했다.
범죄자 수사하는데 범죄자 본인 빼놓고
범죄자의 죄를 입증할만한 자료를 가지고 있는 다른 기관들만 싸그리 다 압수수색해 증거를 빼앗아감.
수사의 정석은 당사자 핸드폰, 계좌 등 압수수색임.
윤석열이 우병우 등 다른 사람 수사할때는 심지어 법원 앞에서 우병우 잡아다가 핸드폰 압수수색하기도 했음.
이런 악랄한 새끼가 정작 당사자인 조국은 압수수색하지 않음.
결론: 짜고 치는 고스톱.
출처 일베
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
김 변호사는 이어 "검찰이 조국 같은 인물을 작정하고 전방위 압수수색 할 때는 그 동안 치밀하게 내사를 하여 범죄혐의가 확실하다는 결론을 내리고 칼을 뽑았을 것"이라며 "개인적으로 조국의 펀드가 가장 의혹의 중심에 있다고 생각하고 있었고 이번 수사에서도 어쩌면 판도라의 상자가 될지 모른다"고 했다.
또 "조국 본인의 전 재산을 훨씬 초과하는 펀드 약정을 했다는 의미는 돈을 댄 전주(錢主)가 따로 있을 가능성이 높다는 것"이라며 "그 전주가 청와대 또는 정권의 실세인 386 운동권일 경우 문재인 정권의 몰락은 불가피할 것"이라고 적었다.
한국좋아2019.08.27 22:26:52
조국이 그동안 웅봉학원 창립자는 독립운동가라고 설레발을 쳤던 인간이
빨갱이 중의 빨갱이였다고......
조국이 그토록 자랑하는 종조부와 고모할머니. 작은할아버지 조맹규는
해방직후 전평 문화부장으로 민전에 참여했고, 남로당 노동부장을 한 것으로 확인.
고모 조맹임은 1905년생이고 사망 사실이 없어 월북한 것으로 사료됨.
김원봉과 동급의 최고위 간부.
출처 일베, 황태순 티비
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
언론 선동
언론 주작 등이 이나라에서
이 얼마나 쉬운지 또 얼마나 미개한지
단적으로 보여주는 레전드 짤
그대로 박제해라
쪽팔린 개한민국의 현주소다
사람들이 농업 노동자들을 비숙련이라고 말할 때
나는 어린시절 파인애플 노동자였다. 창과 같은 잎사귀 끝에 사
악한 줄기로 덮여 있어서, , 파인애플 하나를 따려면 20분이나
걸렸다.
https://twitter.com/i/status/1166272956642865152
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P. D. Mangan
The Romans believed it was healthier to eat only one
meal a day.
Eating more than one meal was considered a form of
gluttony. Smart, those Romans.
로마인들은 하루 한 끼만 먹는 게 건강하다고 믿었다. 한 끼 이
상 먹는 건 과식으로 간주되었다.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Contra the prevailing belief, "success" isn't being on top of a
hierarchy, it is standing outside all hierarchies." - Nassim Nicholas Taleb in The Bed of Procrustes
보편적 믿음과 달리, 성공은 위계의 꼭대기에 오르는 게 아니라,
모든 위계의 바깥에 서 있는 것이다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"You can easily tell a Northener: he/she feels guilty doing nothing. Even doing nothing for them is programmed, labeled, and has to be learned using some Yoga instructor." - Nassim Taleb
북부 지방 사람은 쉽게 알 수 있다. 그들은 아무 일도 하지 않
으면 죄책감을 느낀다. 그리고 아무 일도 하지 않는 것도 누군
가에게 배워야 한다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
미국과 이란을 화해시키는 방법. 전국책戰國策의 한 장면을 보는 듯하다.
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윤석열이가 수많은 검사들 놔두고 왜
조국 고발사건들 전부 형사1부에서 빼서 특수2부 고형곤 검사로 재배당했을까?
하필이면 최순실, 박근혜 죄 억지로 엮은 검사한테
조국 사건을 특별이 몰아주냔 말이야 ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
답 딱 나오잖어 특검말고 답없당
-------------------------------------------------------------조국 고발사건들 전부 형사1부에서 빼서 특수2부 고형곤 검사로 재배당했을까?
하필이면 최순실, 박근혜 죄 억지로 엮은 검사한테
조국 사건을 특별이 몰아주냔 말이야 ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
답 딱 나오잖어 특검말고 답없당
명예광주시민2019.08.27 16:16:06
당원들 맘카페 침투해서 선동하는게 어제 오늘 일이 아닌데 이
번에 검찰까지 끌어들여서 짜고 치는 거 보면 임명은 확실시 되
고 이제 사회주의국가로 향하는 거지 조국 인터뷰하는 거 보니
깐 이미 법무부장관이더만
--->탄핵 검사인 고형곤을 끌여들여 조국을 수사하는 걸 보면,
저들은 이번 사태를 모든 반대를 무릎쓰고 돌파하기로 작정한
듯하다. 조국이 임명되면, 그 다음 수순은 이미 다 알고 있는 대
로이다.
---------------------------------------------------------
자유한국당 나경원 원내대표는 27일 "검찰이 (조국 법무부 장관 후보자와 관련해) 대대적인 압수수색을 했지만, 핵심이 빠진 것 같다. 조 후보자 본인에 대한 압수수색이 없었다"고 했다.
범죄자 수사하는데 범죄자 본인 빼놓고
범죄자의 죄를 입증할만한 자료를 가지고 있는 다른 기관들만 싸그리 다 압수수색해 증거를 빼앗아감.
수사의 정석은 당사자 핸드폰, 계좌 등 압수수색임.
윤석열이 우병우 등 다른 사람 수사할때는 심지어 법원 앞에서 우병우 잡아다가 핸드폰 압수수색하기도 했음.
이런 악랄한 새끼가 정작 당사자인 조국은 압수수색하지 않음.
결론: 짜고 치는 고스톱.
출처 일베
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
또 "조국 본인의 전 재산을 훨씬 초과하는 펀드 약정을 했다는 의미는 돈을 댄 전주(錢主)가 따로 있을 가능성이 높다는 것"이라며 "그 전주가 청와대 또는 정권의 실세인 386 운동권일 경우 문재인 정권의 몰락은 불가피할 것"이라고 적었다.
한국좋아2019.08.27 22:26:52
웃기지마라
윤석렬은 절대로 그런 인물이 아니다
문죄인의 개다.
조국이 청문회에서 " 검찰수사 중인 사건이라 대답할 수 없습니다" 를
하게 쉴드치는 것이다.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
[특종] 조국 작은할아버지 조맹규 남로당 노동부장!!윤석렬은 절대로 그런 인물이 아니다
문죄인의 개다.
조국이 청문회에서 " 검찰수사 중인 사건이라 대답할 수 없습니다" 를
하게 쉴드치는 것이다.
조국이 그동안 웅봉학원 창립자는 독립운동가라고 설레발을 쳤던 인간이
빨갱이 중의 빨갱이였다고......
조국이 그토록 자랑하는 종조부와 고모할머니. 작은할아버지 조맹규는
해방직후 전평 문화부장으로 민전에 참여했고, 남로당 노동부장을 한 것으로 확인.
고모 조맹임은 1905년생이고 사망 사실이 없어 월북한 것으로 사료됨.
김원봉과 동급의 최고위 간부.
출처 일베, 황태순 티비
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
언론 선동
언론 주작 등이 이나라에서
이 얼마나 쉬운지 또 얼마나 미개한지
단적으로 보여주는 레전드 짤
그대로 박제해라
쪽팔린 개한민국의 현주소다
힘내세요vs사퇴하세요 로 보는 개한민국 현주소 / 일베
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James Wong
When people* call agricultural workers ‘unskilled’....
I grew pineapples as a kid. Covered in vicious spines on the
end of lance-like leaves, each took me 20 mins to pick.
사람들이 농업 노동자들을 비숙련이라고 말할 때
나는 어린시절 파인애플 노동자였다. 창과 같은 잎사귀 끝에 사
악한 줄기로 덮여 있어서, , 파인애플 하나를 따려면 20분이나
걸렸다.
https://twitter.com/i/status/1166272956642865152
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P. D. Mangan
The Romans believed it was healthier to eat only one
meal a day.
Eating more than one meal was considered a form of
gluttony. Smart, those Romans.
로마인들은 하루 한 끼만 먹는 게 건강하다고 믿었다. 한 끼 이
상 먹는 건 과식으로 간주되었다.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Contra the prevailing belief, "success" isn't being on top of a
hierarchy, it is standing outside all hierarchies." - Nassim Nicholas Taleb in The Bed of Procrustes
보편적 믿음과 달리, 성공은 위계의 꼭대기에 오르는 게 아니라,
모든 위계의 바깥에 서 있는 것이다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"You can easily tell a Northener: he/she feels guilty doing nothing. Even doing nothing for them is programmed, labeled, and has to be learned using some Yoga instructor." - Nassim Taleb
북부 지방 사람은 쉽게 알 수 있다. 그들은 아무 일도 하지 않
으면 죄책감을 느낀다. 그리고 아무 일도 하지 않는 것도 누군
가에게 배워야 한다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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아담 스미스가 분업론에서 놓치고 있는 것
경제의 생산력을 이끌어내는 것은 인구 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 사람들이 만들어내는 새로운 문제 해결 방식이다.
하지만 이 문제 해결 방식이 효과를 지니려면, 기업가정신이 나타나야 한다.
아담 스미스가 그의 책에서 혁신을 말하기는 했지만, 그것은 단지 개선을 의미했다. 스미스는 새로운 생산 과정을 현실로 만드는 기업가적 도전을 말하지 않았는데, 거대한 경제적 진보가 일어나려면 바로 그것이 필요하다.
What Adam Smith Missed in His Understanding of the Division of Labor
Per Bylund
Adam Smith famously begins Wealth of Nations with a discussion on the division of labor. Few things are as impactful as specialization within a market setting á la Say's Law. However, Smith also claimed that the division of labor is limited by the "extent" of the market. This is often interpreted as population size, which is not quite accurate.
Émile Durkheim instead argued population density is required to facilitate specialization: the extent of the market is better understood as people's ability to interact with each other by buying, selling, contracting, etc. This is why we generally see cities as engines of growth, not rural areas.
A part of what made industrialization so impactful was people leaving their (miserable) lives on farms to seek opportunities to make a living in cities: the migration of people itself facilitated economic progress by making possible increased specialization under the division of labor and thus enormous productivity gains. (Marx saw this, and based his exploitation narrative on the division of labor, inherited/borrowed from Smith but not yet informed by Durkheim.)
We see this today also, for example in China, where much of the economic growth (the actual growth, not the fake GDP meddling) can be explained by the economic development zones receiving millions upon millions of people from the still heavily controlled Chinese inland. Without this migration and thus the increased density in "deregulated" cities, China would not have become the "wonder" it is.
Yet while population density is a prerequisite for the gradual and "spontaneous" intensifying of the division of labor, by increasing the extent of the market, it would be a mistake to think the story ends there.
Specialization is not a function only of population [density] growth but also of innovative entrepreneurship: the implementation of imagined creative new ways of producing and producing new things.
These are caused by ingenious ideas for how to make the world better (and make more money doing so), and they are introduced to an economy through "islands of specialization" (as I argue in my book, The Problem of Production).
The effect of population growth is thus two-fold: first, because more people means a more intensive division of labor is supported and, second, that more minds are able to identify problems/opportunities and imagine solutions to them.
From the point of view of the economic system, there is both gradual/continuous and spasmodic (in bursts) progress.
What releases the productive powers of the economy is not the population growth itself, but the ingenuity it brings. But ingenuity does not require many minds, it is only made easier by interactions, impressions, and perspectives.
For ingenuity to have an effect, entrepreneurship must happen.
This is why regulations that raise barriers for entrepreneurs are so disastrous: they hamper economic progress by doing away with many of the innovations that would otherwise shape and make better the economy and society.
Before someone retorts that Adam Smith already included innovations in his exposition, let me clarify that while that is true it was only in an improvement sense: the boy tying a string on a vent to save him the trip up the stairs. Smith did not discuss the entrepreneurial undertaking of implementing an imagined production process, which I would argue is the reason we see such enormous economic progress — and why it happens in disruptive bursts, not as continuous improvements.
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아직 떠돌고 있는 노동가치설이라는 유령
멩거 등은 가치는 주관적이라고 주장했다. 따라서 상품의 가치는 거기에 투입된 노동의 양에 의해 결정되지 않고, 인간이 특정 시점에 자신의 특정한 목적에 얼마나 유용한지 판단함에 따라 결정된다.
We're Still Haunted by the Labor Theory of Value
The Copernican Revolution in Economics
Steven Horwitz
Why are so many students convinced that they should receive better grades for the papers they’ve spent so much time writing? It’s not a belief about the quality of those papers; it’s a belief about the hours and hours spent working on them.
This fundamental misunderstanding about the value of labor is at the center of the Marxist critique of capitalism.
The Center of Everything
For thousands of years, humans were sure that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun revolved around it. With the advent of systematic inquiry, scientists had to develop more and more complex explanations for why their observations of the universe did not fit with that hypothesis. When Copernicus and others offered an alternative explanation that was able to explain the observed facts, and did so more clearly and concisely, the heliocentric model triumphed. The Copernican revolution changed science forever.
There is a similar story in economics. For hundreds of years, many economists believed that the value of a good depended on the cost of producing it. In particular, many subscribed to the labor theory of value, which argued that a good’s value derived from the amount of work that went into making it.
Much like the geocentric view of the universe, the labor theory of value had some superficial plausibility, as it does often seem that goods that involve more labor have more value. However, much like the story in astronomy, the theory got increasingly complicated as it tried to explain away some obvious objections. Starting in the 1870s, economics had its own version of the Copernican revolution as the subjective theory of value became the preferred explanation for the value of goods and services.
Today, the labor theory of value has only a minuscule number of adherents among professional economists, but it remains all too common in other academic disciplines when they discuss economic issues, as well as among the general public. (The labor theory of grades is, as I noted above, particularly popular among college students.)
The Specter of Karl Marx (and Adam Smith)
One reason the theory is still the implicit explanation of value in many other disciplines is because they rely on the theory’s most famous adherent for their understanding of economics: Karl Marx. Marx was hardly the only economist to hold this view, nor is the labor theory of value unique to socialists. Adam Smith believed in a somewhat weaker version of the theory as well.
Without the labor theory of value, it is not clear how much of Marx’s critique of capitalism remains valid.
For Marx, the theory was at the center of his view of the problems of capitalism. The argument that capitalism exploited workers depended crucially on the view that labor was the source of all value and that the profits of capitalists were therefore “taken” from workers who deserved it. Marx’s concept of alienation focused on the centrality of labor to making us human and the ways in which capitalism destroyed our ability to take joy in our work and control the conditions under which we created value. Without the labor theory of value, it is not clear how much of Marx’s critique of capitalism remains valid.
Part of the problem for Marx and others who accepted the theory was that there were so many seemingly obvious objections that they had to construct complex explanations to account for them. What about the value of land or other natural resources? What about great works of art that were produced with a small amount of labor but fetched extremely high prices? What about differences in individuals’ skill levels, which meant that there would be different amounts of time required to produce the same good?
The classical economists, including Marx, offered explanations for all of these apparent exceptions, but, like the increasingly complex explanations of the geocentricists, they began to feel ad hoc and left people searching for a better answer.
The Austrian Revolution
In economics, that answer came when, much like Copernicus, several economists realized that the old explanation was precisely backward. This point was clearest in the work of Carl Menger, whose Principles of Economics not only offered a new explanation for the nature of economic value but also founded the Austrian school of economics in the process.
What Menger and others argued was that value is subjective. That is, the value of a good is not determined by the physical inputs, including labor, that helped to create it. Instead, the value of a good emerges from human perceptions of its usefulness for the particular ends that people had at a particular point in time. Value is not something objective and transcendent. It is a function of the role that an object plays as a means toward the ends that are part of human purposes and plans.
Thus, according to the subjectivists, land had value not because of the labor that went into tilling it, but because people believed that it could contribute to the satisfaction of some direct want of their own (such as growing crops to eat) or that it would contribute indirectly to other ends by being used to grow crops to sell at the market. Works of art had value because many people found them to be beautiful no matter how much or how little labor went into producing them. With value being determined by human judgments of usefulness, the variations in the quality of labor posed no trouble for explaining value.
Indeed, economic value was a completely separate category from other forms of value, such as scientific value. That’s why people pay money to have someone give them a complete horoscope reading even though astrology has no scientific value whatsoever. What matters for understanding economic value is the perception of usefulness in pursuit of human purposes and plans, not some “objective” value of the good or service.
Turning Marx Upside Down
But the real Copernican revolution in economics was how the subjective theory of value related to the value of labor. Rather than seeing the value of outputs being determined by the value of the inputs like labor, the subjective theory of value showed that it’s the other way around: the value of inputs like labor were determined by the value of the outputs they helped to produce.
The high market value of well-prepared food is not the result of the value of the chef’s labor. Rather, the chef’s labor is valuable precisely because he is able to produce food that the public finds especially tasty, beautiful, or healthy.
On this view, labor gets rewarded according to its ability to produce things that others value. When you then consider the ways in which labor combining with capital enables that labor to produce goods that humans value even more, which in turn increases labor’s remuneration, Marx’s whole worldview is suddenly turned on its head. Capital does not exploit labor. Instead, it enhances labor’s value by giving labor the tools it needs to make even more of the things that humans value.
Understood correctly through the subjective theory of value, capitalism is fundamentally a communication process through which humans try to sort out how best to make use of our limited resources to satisfy our most urgent wants. Exchange and market prices are how we make our subjective perceptions of value accessible to others so they can figure out how best to provide us with the things we value most.
We Have More Work to Do
For economists, the labor theory of value holds roughly the same validity as the geocentric view of the universe. For that reason, Marx’s whole theoretical apparatus, and therefore his criticisms of capitalism, are equally questionable.
Unfortunately, many people, academics outside economics and the public alike, are simply unaware of the Copernican revolution in economics. Knocking down the labor theory of value remains a labor-intensive and valuable task.
Steven Horwitz is the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the Department of Economics at Ball State University, where he also is a Fellow at the Institute for Entrepreneurship and Free Enterprise.
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视刀环歌（刘禹锡 ·唐）
常恨言语浅，不如人意深。
今朝两相视，脉脉万重心。
今朝两相视，脉脉万重心。
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