엄상익
일선에서 변호사를 해 온 나는 법이라는 흉기를 휘두르는 검사나 판사들을 종종 보았다. 정의와 공정을 실현시키기 위한 것이 아니라 누군가를 무너뜨리고 파괴하고 싶은 동물적 본능으로 법을 악용하는 경우였다. 물론 겉으로는 그럴듯한 명분과 포장을 달고 있었다. 그런 이면을 볼 때면 검사나 판사를 조사하는 강력한 기구가 있었으면 좋겠다는 생각을 했었다. 그런 필요에 의해 제기된 것이 공수처였다. 그러나 거기에도 오만과 편견이라는 병균에 감염된 사람들로 들어찬다면 어떨까.
내가 아는 검사 한 명은 벌써부터 공수처 검사를 희망하고 있다. 그는 자기가 공수처에 가면 검찰에서 미워하던 동료나 상관을 그냥 두지 않겠다고 벼르고 있다. 검경 수사권 조정으로 경찰에 대폭 수사권을 넘겨도 역시 근본적인 문제는 마찬가지일 것이다. 중요한 것은 국민에게 봉사하려는 공무원의 자세다. 헌법과 법률에 명문으로 수십 년 박혀있는데도 인간의 내면에는 그 정신이 들어가지 않는 것 같다.
완장을 찬 사람들이 정의와 진리에 기초한 정신적 개혁이 이루어져야 한다. 개개인이 철저히 겸손해져야 한다. 그들이 권력의 개가 되지 않도록 목줄을 잡고 있는 주인이 국민이 되도록 해야 할 것이다. 사랑과 진리에 기초를 두지 않은 개혁은 겉으로는 개혁같이 보일지 모르나 참된 개혁은 아니다. (발췌)
---->공산주의자들도 인간의 이기심을 개조하려고 노력했지만, 끝내 성공하지 못했다. 정신적 개혁이 아니라 제도를 통해 검찰을 비롯한 모든 관료들을 통제해야 한다. 그 최선의 방법은 국가의 주인이자 모든 권력의 원천며 법률의 소비자인 시민들이 저들을 통제하도록 해야 한다.
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*서울시 교육감 조희연의 영등포, 구로, 금천구의 '이중언어' 특구 지정 결사 반대합니다!(중국 조선족 다문화 특구)
--->좌파들이 나라를 분열과 갈등, 망국으로 내몰고 있다.
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Concentration camps, genocidal campaigns, human experimentation, racist ideologies, territorial aggression, and dreams of world domination. The People's Republic of #China has it all
강제수용소, 인종 청소, 인체 실험, 인종차별적 이념, 영토 침
략, 세계 패권 추구 등 중국은 이 모든 것을 갖추고 있다.
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Gordon G. Chang
Americans talk about "an economy that works for everyone," but that is precisely the kind of economy that led to disaster in #Cuba, #Venezuela, #China, and elsewhere. History says tyrants can maintain such a system only through the worst forms of coercion.
미국인들이 모두를 위한 경제를 말하는데, 그런 경제는 쿠바,
베네수엘라, 중국 등지에서 재앙을 불어왔다. 그런 경제는 독
재자들의 위협을 통해서만 실현된다.
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Gordon G. Chang
#China poses such a threat to the US today in large part because of Kissinger's support for #China's Communist Party even after the Soviet Union fell. There is no amount of Moutai that will end this mortal danger to freedom--or remove the stain from Kissinger's reputation.
Anna Fifield
Is Moutai the tonic for the trade war? Possibly. As Henry Kissinger once said: “I think if we drink enough Moutai we can solve anything.” https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-liquor-everyones-buyingeven-people-who-cant-stand-it-11572558897 …
키신저는 일찍이 “우리가 마오타이주를 충분히 많이 마시면 모든 문제를 해결할 수 있다고 믿는다.”고 말했다.
하지만 아무리 많은 마오타이주도 미국을 위협하는 치명적인 위험을 끝낼 수는 없다.
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MacroPolo
#WordWonk No.5: 厉害了，我的国! /lìhàile, wǒdeguó/
Original meaning: “Amazing China,” a propaganda film that displays China’s achievements since Xi became the leader. It has 1.3 on IMDB.
Extended meaning: a slang used to express either genuine love or scorn for China.
Original meaning: “Amazing China,” a propaganda film that displays China’s achievements since Xi became the leader. It has 1.3 on IMDB.
Extended meaning: a slang used to express either genuine love or scorn for China.
리하이러, 워더구어 --- 대단하다, 나의 조국
또 다른 의미: 중국에 대한 조롱을 의미한다.
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sabelle Muge Niu
Min. of Edu is asking schools to self-inspect and eliminate inappropriate books, including books that "violate the party principles & policies, smear or defame party & state leaders, heroes, role models, and books satirizing the history of the party, the country, or the military.
교육당국이 학교에 불온서적을 자체 검열하도록 지시했다.
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Eric Fish
"Communist Party rule could eventually crumble if the party fails to constantly reinforce its grip on China, Mr. Xi said in a recently published speech, citing ancient emperors whose dynasties rotted from corruption, lax discipline and infighting."
당이 중국에 대한 통제를 느슨하게 하면 공산당은 붕괴될 수
있다. 시진핑이 최근 부패와 기강 해이 그리고 내부 분열로 인
해 고대 황제들이 망했다는 사실을 상기시키며 이렇게 말했다.
--->나 역시 중국이 관료주의로 인해 2, 30년 이후부터 서서히
붕괴할 거라고 예측하고 있다.
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Foreign Affairs
Any country that has accumulated debt, lost productivity, or aged at anything close to China’s current clip has lost at least one decade to near-zero economic growth, writes Michael Beckley. How might China handle the coming slump?
중국은 다가오는 불황을 어떻게 극복할까?
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◇수출 뒷걸음…11개월 연속 ‘마이너스 행진’
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두 대표 학자의 내기: 중국이 미국을 넘어설 수 있을까? + 2020 경제전망
| 니얼 퍼거슨 & 린 이푸 & 크리스티 루 스타우트
| 세계지식포럼 2019
Balaji S. Srinivasan
How deconstruction works
- General truth
- Enumeration of exceptions
- Show that general truth is not, in fact, always true
- Further assert that general truth is, in fact, false
- Thus prove truth to be false
통화 타락과 사회의 몰락
로마제국의 멸망을 몰고 온 것은 야만인의 침략이 아니라, 당시 사회의 경제적 그물망이 와해되었기 때문이다.
3, 4 세기에 황제들이 통화를 타락시키기 시작하면서 필수 곡물들의 생산과 판매가 혼란에 빠지고 사회의 경제 조직이 붕괴되었다.
장원을 소유하고 있던 대농들은 땅의 소득도 낮고, 팔리지도 않았으므로, 지주가 되어 그 땅을 소작인들에게 나눠주었다. 한편 도시에서 먹고살기 힘들어 농촌으로 밀려온 주민들은 그런 땅의 소작인이 되었고, 분업에서 장원은 점차 자급자족 형태로 나아가게 되었다.
이러한 쇠퇴의 과정은 로마 정부의 가격 개입과 통화 타락에 의해 유발되었지만, 이를 아는 사람은 없었다.
당연히 요구되는 행동이 도덕에 의해 거부되고, 법에 의해 불법으로 선포되고, 법원과 경찰에 의해 핍박을 받게 되면, 사회 조직은 쇠망하게 된다.
Currency Debasement and Social Collapse
Ludwig von Mises
Knowledge of the effects of government interference with market prices makes us comprehend the economic causes of a momentous historical event, the decline of ancient civilization.
It may be left undecided whether or not it is correct to call the economic organization of the Roman Empire capitalism. At any rate it is certain that the Roman Empire in the 2nd century, the age of the Antonines, the "good" emperors, had reached a high stage of the social division of labor and of interregional commerce. Several metropolitan centers, a considerable number of middle-sized towns, and many small towns were the seats of a refined civilization.
The inhabitants of these urban agglomerations were supplied with food and raw materials not only from the neighboring rural districts, but also from distant provinces. A part of these provisions flowed into the cities as revenue of their wealthy residents who owned landed property. But a considerable part was bought in exchange for the rural population's purchases of the products of the city dwellers' processing activities.
There was an extensive trade between the various regions of the vast empire. Not only in the processing industries, but also in agriculture there was a tendency toward further specialization. The various parts of the empire were no longer economically self-sufficient. They were interdependent.
What brought about the decline of the empire and the decay of its civilization was the disintegration of this economic interconnectedness, not the barbarian invasions. The alien aggressors merely took advantage of an opportunity which the internal weakness of the empire offered to them. From a military point of view the tribes which invaded the empire in the 4th and 5th centuries were not more formidable than the armies which the legions had easily defeated in earlier times. But the empire had changed. Its economic and social structure was already medieval.
The freedom that Rome granted to commerce and trade had always been restricted. With regard to the marketing of cereals and other vital necessities it was even more restricted than with regard to other commodities. It was deemed unfair and immoral to ask for grain, oil, and wine, the staples of these ages, more than the customary prices, and the municipal authorities were quick to check what they considered profiteering. Thus the evolution of an efficient wholesale trade in these commodities was prevented.
The policy of the annona, which was tantamount to a nationalization or municipalization of the grain trade, aimed at filling the gaps. But its effects were rather unsatisfactory. Grain was scarce in the urban agglomerations, and the agriculturists complained about the unremunerativeness of grain growing.
The interference of the authorities upset the adjustment of supply to the rising demand.
The showdown came when in the political troubles of the 3rd and 4th centuries the emperors resorted to currency debasement. With the system of maximum prices, the practice of debasement completely paralyzed both the production and the marketing of the vital foodstuffs and disintegrated society's economic organization. The more eagerness the authorities displayed in enforcing the maximum prices, the more desperate became the conditions of the urban masses dependent on the purchase of food.
Commerce in grain and other necessities vanished altogether.
To avoid starving, people deserted the cities, settled on the countryside, and tried to grow grain, oil, wine, and other necessities for themselves. On the other hand, the owners of the big estates restricted their excess production of cereals and began to produce in their farmhouses — the villae — the products of handicraft which they needed. For their big-scale farming, which was already seriously jeopardized because of the inefficiency of slave labor, lost its rationality completely when the opportunity to sell at remunerative prices disappeared.
As the owner of the estate could no longer sell in the cities, he could no longer patronize the urban artisans either. He was forced to look for a substitute to meet his needs by employing handicraftsmen on his own account in his villa. He discontinued big-scale farming and became a landlord receiving rents from tenants or sharecroppers. These coloni were either freed slaves or urban proletarians who settled in the villages and turned to tilling the soil.
A tendency toward the establishment of autarky of each landlord's estate emerged. The economic function of the cities, of commerce, trade, and urban handicrafts, shrank. Italy and the provinces of the empire returned to a less advanced state of the social division of labor. The highly developed economic structure of ancient civilization retrograded to what is now known as the manorial organization of the Middle Ages.
The emperors were alarmed with that outcome, which undermined the financial and military power of their government. But their counteraction was futile as it did not affect the root of the evil. The compulsion and coercion to which they resorted could not reverse the trend toward social disintegration which, on the contrary, was caused precisely by too much compulsion and coercion.
No Roman was aware of the fact that the process was induced by the government's interference with prices and by currency debasement. It was vain for the emperors to promulgate laws against the city dweller who "relicta civitate rus habitare maluerit."
The system of the leiturgia, the public services to be rendered by the wealthy citizens, only accelerated the retrogression of the division of labor. The laws concerning the special obligations of the shipowners, the navicularii, were no more successful in checking the decline of navigation than the laws concerning grain dealing in checking the shrinkage in the cities' supply of agricultural products.
The marvelous civilization of antiquity perished because it did not adjust its moral code and its legal system to the requirements of the market economy. A social order is doomed if the actions which its normal functioning requires are rejected by the standards of morality, are declared illegal by the laws of the country, and are prosecuted as criminal by the courts and the police.
The Roman Empire crumbled to dust because it lacked the spirit of liberalism and free enterprise. The policy of interventionism and its political corollary, the Führer principle, decomposed the mighty empire as they will by necessity always disintegrate and destroy any social entity.
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