"다 알고 있겠죠" 민주당 사람들 / 선거라는 것이 그들에겐 생명줄이자 직업인데, 어떻게 모르겠습니다 / 거의 모두 다 잘 알고 있을 겁니다 [공병호TV] https://youtu.be/6M9NEryvFgU -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 긴장해라 천주교, 좌빨 추기경 탄생, 천주교의 정치개입 시대가 열린다 배추무 http://www.ilbe.com/view/11420423170 좌파의 정신적 교리 제공 사대강 반대 광우병 선동 박근혜 탄핵 선동 좌빨은 신부복을 입혀놔도 티가 나네 류흥식은 신부때려치고 정치를 해라 전문가도 아니면서 자꾸 나서 묵상중에 계시라도 받는건가? 나는 천주교에 교적이 있고 견진성사까지 받은 사람이다. 꿈도없고겁도없다/ 일베 댓글 천주교가 탄핵에 앞장서고 천주교 신자인 박근혜 대통령 사면을 단 한 차례도 건의하지 않으므로써 천주교의 사랑과 은총은 거짓임이 만천하에 드러났다. 민주화 운동의 대부인 신 안토니오 신부님에게서 영세 받은 나 또한 성당에 발을 끊은 지 오래다. 정치꾼 추기경이 천주교의 마지막 목숨줄을 끊을 것이다. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 아랄해가 말라버렸는데 알고보니 원래 바다가 아니라 홍수로 생긴 것이라고 익명50마오 http://www.ilbe.com/view/11420512029 아랄해가 말라버려서 유엔이 '기후변화에 따른 환경재앙 중 하나'라고 했었음. 근데 바닥에서 기원전 11~14세기의 무덤도 나오고 공방과 건물들이 나온 것. 유해도 여기 저기 흩어져서 나왔다고. 즉, 아랄해는 바다가 아니라 홍수로 인해 생긴 거 였다고 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 사드 전자파 선동, 조사결과를 4년간 숨겨왔던 문 정부 얼음사이다 https://youtu.be/Y1o6PZa5ZDg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JTBC [걸어서 인터뷰ON] 박지원 "자세히 얘기 못하지만 윤 대통령 X파일도.." "윤 대통령 취임 다음 날 나를 쫓아내..좀 섭섭" 윤 대통령 X파일?.."국정원법 때문에 디테일하게 얘기 못하지만 근본적으로 있어" "실력 위주 내세워 호남 인사 완전히 배제..고립감 싹터" "대통령 취임 한 달 만에 차기 여론조사는 세계 처음..윤 대통령 잘 생각하셔야" "윤 대통령, 검사 또 쓰겠다?..국민은 저 양반 오기부리나 생각할 것" "국민 당원들 선거 패배 누구 책임인지 다 알고 이미 밝혀져"..이재명 직격 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 대장동사건이 보도된대로 주범에게는 단순 징역형이 아닌 사형으로 다스려야........ 좌빨잡자 http://www.ilbe.com/view/11420434712 우끼는 샠히가 5천억을 공공으로 회수했다고 너스레를 떤다. 도대체 성남시가 무슨 명목으로 5천억을 가져가?? 그게 성남시 몫이니??? 토지주들의 땅을 싼값에 후리쳐서 뺏은 돈을 성남시가 무슨 명목으로 가져가????? 각설하고, 이사건의 주모자는 단순한 "배임"사건이 아니다. 토지주들의 재산을 후리쳐서 그 몫을 김만배등 몇놈에게 나누어 준, 희대의 사기행각이다. 그 주범은 배임정도로 끝내선 절대안되....!!!!!!! "거액의 개인재산의 약탈"한 살인강도짓이다............ 반드시 사형으로 다스려야 한다. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 김만배 “내가 대법관한테 말 안했으면 큰일날 뻔”… 대법원 판결 놓고 정영학과 功 다퉈 [법조 Zoom In/대장동 재판 따라잡기] 동아일보 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 전체주의로 가는 5 단계 첫 번째 단계는 불만과 선동으로 대중을 봉기시키고, 다음으로 가짜 구세주가 나타나 혁명을 일으킨다. 다음으로 권력을 잡으면 언론을 통제하고 처형을 하며 반대파를 제거한다. 다음으로 위기를 조장하고, 이어서 대규모 학살을 통해 완전한 독재 사회를 만든다. The Five Stages of Totalitarianism Walker Larson Fears of a growing totalitarian tendency in the US have swelled during 2020–22. But how close are we really to a totalitarian state? How have such regimes come about historically and what are the warning signs? This article will answer these questions by examining totalitarian regimes in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries and the pattern by which they came to power. Stage 1: Discontent and Rumblings Every new order rises on the ruins of the old. Those who would establish a new regime must tap into or generate dissatisfaction with the status quo. However much those desiring a reset may despise the old order, they can’t accomplish much without harnessing or fabricating a similar attitude in the public. Then the revolutionary totalitarian appears as the solution to these problems. The Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France, for example, didn’t begin with blood but with bread. Between 1715 and 1800, the population of Europe doubled, creating food shortages among the French people. Many of the French people resented the King’s growing centralized authority. In addition, the ideas of the “Enlightenment” thinkers were stirring up revolutionary feeling. Finally, the French government was massively in debt due to the many wars of the eighteenth century, and it increased taxation even on nobles. It was these sufferings and fears, combined with the machinations of the secret societies (admitted by the Marquis de Rosanbo at the Chamber of Deputies session of July 1, 1904) that led the to the revolution and the totalitarian Jacobin government. The Reign of Terror came after the fall of the king and the ancien régime, which the revolutionaries accomplished in part because of the problems and suffering in French society prerevolution. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917—which established a totalitarian regime so bloody that it would make the Reign of Terror look like a mere red drop in the guillotine bucket—followed a similar blueprint. The Bolshevik communists exploited the sufferings of the Russian people for revolutionary purposes. What were these sufferings? The Russian people had lost faith in Tsar Nicholas II and his government, Russia contained restless ethnic minorities, and the poorly equipped and led Russian armies were losing against the Germans in World War I. Russia’s failures in the war led to demoralization and disrupted the economy. In January 1917, transportation to cities like Petrograd broke down, and this caused food and fuel shortages, and, eventually, riots. Not long after the rise of Bolshevism in Russia, Adolf Hitler became involved with the Nazi Party during the Weimar Republic. Struggling postwar Germany bubbled with discontent. The Treaty of Versailles had been harsh: Germany was expected to accept full responsibility for the war, pay massive indemnities to the Allies, surrender large amounts of territory, possess no military worth speaking of, and be monitored by Allied troops. In the years following the war and the treaty, the German economy suffered mightily, including through hyperinflation. When Germany defaulted on some of its payments, French and Belgian troops occupied Germany’s richest industrial region, the Ruhr district, which only made Germany poorer and the people angrier. Stage 2: The False Savior and the First Revolution After identifying and appealing to the people’s discontent, the totalitarian presents himself as a savior. In stage 2, the revolutionary totalitarian enacts a dramatic change to “solve” the problems and discontent of stage 1. To find a solution for its debt crisis, the French government called the Estates General assembly to advise the king on what to do. The Third Estate quickly claimed full governmental authority as the “National Assembly.” The National Assembly wanted to draw up a new constitution that would change the nature of the government to deal with injustices. After the storming of the Bastille, peasants in rural areas revolted against their lords. The National Assembly declared feudalism abolished and introduced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. With the execution of Louis XVI on January 21, 1793, the first stage of the revolution was over. The regicide left a massive power vacuum. Various groups struggled to fill this hole, but in the end, the Jacobins—the radicals—dominated the new revolutionary government. In the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks took advantage of the food riots that began early in 1917. When the military began siding with the rioting workers, rather than restoring law and order, Tsar Nicholas knew all was lost. He abdicated on March 2, 1917 (and was later shot). The Bolshevik-run Petrograd Soviet quickly took control of post-tsarist Russia. Their slogan—Peace, Land, and Bread—attracted many frightened and angry people to them as to a savior. On November 6–7, they staged a coup that finally overturned the provisional government. The initial rise of Nazism in Germany was less bloody but similarly based on messianic promises. Capitalizing on the resentment in Germany due to the Versailles Treaty and global economic downturn in 1929, the Nazi Party grew in size and influence. The Nazis had attempted a violent coup in November 1923 but had failed, and they turned to legal means of gaining control of the government. Due to Hitler’s skill with propaganda, the Nazi Party won more and more of the vote by the early 1930s. Eventually, it was the second-biggest political party in the country. At this point, Hitler was demanded that President Paul von Hindenburg appoint him chancellor, which Hindenburg agreed to in 1933. This was not a violent revolution, but the failed 1923 attempt shows the party’s violent tendencies. Stage 3: Censorship, Persecution, Propaganda, and the Ending of Opposition In stage 3, the initial upheaval of stage 2 has passed. The old order has been fundamentally changed, and now various forces begin to react. The rising totalitarian government faces many enemies, often dubbed “counterrevolutionaries” or “extremists.” Here in its infancy, the new order must struggle to gain more power and maintain that which has been acquired. For this reason, it sets about combatting its enemies through censorship and persecution. As soon as they had gained sway over their countries, the first move of totalitarians like Hitler and Vladimir Lenin was to censor opposition and put out propaganda. Each of these totalitarian leaders also gained control of education and had secret police forces to monitor and even kill anyone designated as an enemy. Another strategy was to establish youth organizations to indoctrinate citizens in the state’s propaganda from an early age and tear their loyalties away from family or religion. Religion was almost universally persecuted once these regimes came to power. Finally, Hitler and Lenin outlawed (either de jure or de facto) all political parties and views besides their own after coming to power.1 Totalitarians create a one-party system that often maintains a façade of democracy. Stage 4: The Crisis Stage 4 prepares the way for the totalitarian government to grasp total control over those under its rule. It consists of a crisis moment, which may be either a real threat or a false flag that seems to threaten the nation. By 1793, the French Revolution was at a crisis point. Defenders of the old order rose up on all sides to crush the new order. Austrian and Prussian armies encircled France, while the Vendéean peasants revolted against the revolutionary government and army. And so, in the name of “public safety,” the government decided to take harsh measures against all enemies of the revolution. And so, of course, they needed more control. This was the task of the Committee of Public Safety, and it suffered from no scruple in its methods. On August 3, 1918, Lenin was shot after giving a speech at a factory. While recovering in the hospital, he wrote to a subordinate, “It is necessary secretly—and urgently—to prepare the terror.” This initiated a campaign of mass killings and detentions by the government, known to history as the Red Terror. As always, the justification for these acts was the “emergency” indicated by the attempted assassination. The “radicals” and “counterrevolutionaries” were allegedly “at the gate,” and it was necessary to use extreme measures to deal with this imminent “threat.” So the rhetoric went. And so it always goes. Hitler also used a “state of emergency” to justify his clampdown. On February 27, 1933, the Reichstag went up in flames. In response, Herman Gorrin, minister of the interior, ordered a raid on Communist headquarters, allegedly for evidence of sedition and a Communist plot to attack public buildings. This, in Hitler’s mind, was the signal for seizing complete control. On February 28, the cabinet abolished freedom of speech, assembly, privacy, and the press. Around four thousand people were arrested that night. This “crisis,” with the usual language about safety and countering threats, ushered in totalitarianism in Germany. Stage 5: Purges, Genocide, and Total Control Using the crisis of stage 4 as an excuse, the totalitarian government now seizes absolute control over the lives of its citizens. The regime overcomes the enemies of stages 3 and 4. It begins brutally enforcing its “utopia” and ideology on the populace. This stage also sees the greatest atrocities committed against the populace because resistance to the totalitarian regime has been crushed. The people are defenseless and demoralized. Nothing stands between the regime and its victims. This stage involves mass killings as the regime liquidates any remaining enemies while seeking to control every detail of citizens’ lives. During the latter stages of the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety received dictatorial powers to defeat anyone who opposed the revolutionary government. During 1793–94, the CPS eliminated rival revolutionary groups before passing a law that suspended citizens’ rights to a public trial or legal assistance and gave the jury only two options, acquittal or death. The result was horrifying: throughout France, three hundred thousand suspects were arrested, seventeen thousand were executed, and about ten thousand died in prison or without trial. But it was nothing compared to the Red Terror and Joseph Stalin’s purges. The party used the attempted assassination of Lenin as justification for intense persecution of its enemies. Tens of thousands of people became victims, as discussed in Richard Pipes’s The Russian Revolution. But Lenin’s handiwork was only a precursor to Stalin’s “purges” of political enemies. Historians are divided on just how many people Stalin killed, but estimates reach as high as sixty million. Estimates of the people killed by Hitler and his Nazi Party vary as well. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the figure stands at seventeen million, but only God knows for certain. In addition to carrying out mass killings, established totalitarian regimes seek to control everyday life through measures like censorship, propaganda, gun control, and internal passports. The United States in 2022 So is the United States headed for totalitarianism? Here we move from facts to speculation—a risky business. The answer is not straightforward. But if we are careful to avoid exaggeration, some useful comparisons can be made. Have any forces in the US taken advantage of real or imagined problems in the country to stir up discontent and even violence? The death of George Floyd and the associated claims of systemic racism in 2020 gave rise to violent and destructive riots. Fortunately, this has calmed down, but, like in pre-Soviet Russia, ongoing tensions surrounding racial minorities continue to threaten more social unrest. This unrest could intensify if predictions of food shortages and increasing inflation come true in the coming months and years. Has any figure or group presented themselves as a savior with the solution to our problems, a solution that will require the curtailing of individual rights? Are freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, due process, or religious rights under attack? The covid pandemic was used by governments around the world to justify vast restrictions on personal freedom, including limitations on freedom of assembly, the closing of religious centers, and censorship of information or viewpoints that opposed the official covid narrative and dictates. Many of these public officials presented themselves as “experts” whose forceful policies were “necessary” for “public safety.” Entities such as the World Economic Forum and many global leaders continue to discuss the need for a “Great Reset,” in part as a response to the “threat” of covid. This reset includes everything from redesigning health systems and education to the implementation of vaccine passports. This is presented to us as our “salvation” from covid and other dangers, including racism. Are we experiencing any censorship in the US? Are our media sources independent and objective or coerced and controlled? As the recent Musk/Twitter debacle has highlighted, Big Tech bears responsibility for censoring certain information and views with increasing regularity in recent years, and particularly conservative voices. Does the US live under a one-party system? As far as we can tell, the answer to this question is no. However, if the claims of election fraud abounding since the 2020 elections are true and the fraud remains unremedied, we effectively live in a one-party system, since one party can maintain power indefinitely through illegal means. But that is a substantial if. Are we witnessing mass arrests or mass killings? We clearly have not progressed into stage 5–type mass arrests and killings at this time, although the data on adverse reactions surrounding the covid vaccine is concerning. Still, that data, even if accurate, does not definitively show that premeditation or a totalitarian regime is the culprit behind these injuries and deaths. Yet the possibility, I think, should not be ruled out entirely. One final point must be made. Though troubling similarities exist between the trajectory of the US and the historical examples of totalitarianism outlined above, we must avoid both the extremes of an alarmist fatalism and a starry-eyed state of denial. On the one hand, the events of the past few years in our country are grim. On the other, history does not work like a machine, and many factors are at play here. I do not claim to know the future, and I do not believe in historical determinism. In the end, whether the United States is headed for totalitarianism or not is largely up to us and whether or not we resist these trends. 1.See Lenin’s “On the Syndicalist and Anarchist Deviation in Our Party” (1921); and Hitler’s “Law against the Founding of New Parties” (1933), for example. Author: Walker Larson Walker Larson teaches literature and history at a private academy in Wisconsin, where he resides with his wife. He holds a Master's in English Literature and Language, and his writing has appeared in The Hemingway Review, Intellectual Takeout, and his Substack, https://thehazelnut.substack.com/. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 시장의 성공은 사람들에게 그들이 원하는 것을 주는 것이다. 높은 지능의 사람들은 다른 사람들에 비해 더 높은 가치를 창조할 수 있다. 하지만 시장에서의 가치는 주관적이기 때문에, 천재만이 성공하는 건 아니다. 시장의 현실에 부응하는 보통 사람들이 천재들보다 더 많은 돈을 벌 수 있다. 일부 평범한 유부버들이 이를 증명하고 있다. Market Success Is about Giving People What They Want Lipton Matthews Economists are often examining the variables that lead to prosperity, but surprisingly, intelligence is rarely featured in this literature, despite its high replicability in research. Intelligence is a robust predictor of well-being, job performance, and other social outcomes. Due to heightened reasoning abilities, intelligent people are more cooperative and adept at defusing tension. Intelligent people are also appreciative of the long-term reverberations of their actions because they are more future oriented; as result, highly intelligent people are less likely to make rash decisions. One can argue that intelligence is a cost-saving mechanism, since intelligent people are unlikely to make flippant decisions that can incur unwarranted costs. For example, if a project costs $2 million, an intelligent employee can propose a cheaper alternative that will yield greater value. Invariably, cost reductions lead to a ripple effect throughout the economy when savings are deployed to finance activities in other areas of the economy. Intelligence even affects development through the institutional channel, since smarter people create better institutions. Institutions that reward individuals based on political and tribal affiliations will confer benefits on corrupt political actors in the short term, and as a long-term strategy, this will inhibit economic growth by precluding the formation of meritocratic bureaucracies. Countries with efficient bureaucracies will attract superior human capital, and smarter bureaucrats are equipped to design policies that court high-quality investments. Investments lead to jobs, and employment allows people to improve their level of material consumption; so, essentially, having an intelligent population is a great asset. In economics, we would refer to intelligence as a positive externality, since multiple parties benefit from the insight of smart people. Intelligence is a crucial tool for navigating the complexities of life in an intellectually demanding age, and over the past ten years, researchers have provided a surfeit of data linking intelligence to genetic variants. Due to the heritability of intelligence and other personality traits that correlate with success, some argue that the welfare state is justified by the reality of genetics. Many well-meaning people think that the complexity of the modern economy puts those who lack genetic fortune at a disadvantage. Yet such concerns are neutered by market dynamism. Intelligence is important, but markets are a consequence of human desires, and these are usually unpredictable. Therefore, we don’t need to worry that some people could become displaced because of lower intelligence. Twenty years ago, no one would have predicted that in 2022 people would be leaving reputable jobs to promote their physiques on OnlyFans. Even more shocking is that in 2020, nine-year-old Ryan Kaju earned $29.5 million from his YouTube channel, and he is just reviewing toys. Kaju has launched a global empire because people are willing to pay for anything that they deem valuable. To the average person, listening to a boy talking about toys is a waste of time, but there are many children who listen to him, and their habits are enabled by doting parents, who will buy Kaju’s merchandise to make their children happy. Addison Rae is social media sensation who is becoming quite wealthy for just dancing online and looking attractive. People with higher intelligence will create more value than others; however, because value in the marketplace is subjective, success does not require genius-level intelligence. Average people who respond to market realities will earn more than intellectuals who opt to target niche markets. For example, highly intelligent people built social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Snapchat to entertain ordinary people. Furthermore, newer jobs in technology and finance select for high intelligence, but people employed in these jobs are responsible for building sophisticated products that the ordinary person will know how to manipulate. Simplicity is key to success in business, so entrepreneurs aiming to cannibalize the market must think like the average Joe. It is no secret that academics writing for a popular audience sell more books than their peers penning tomes for fellow academics. Never forget that average is still the norm and it usually takes a long time for people to become responsive to the transformative ideas that emanate from brilliant minds. Doomsday predictions are unlikely to materialize when markets are dictated by the appetites of ordinary people. Additionally, gloomy predictions tend to omit the relevance of the personal economy. Economic transactions must advance individual utility, so if the average American household needs to earn over $50,000 yearly to live comfortably, but John survives on $40,000 a year and is quite happy, then John’s utility is being served by his preferences. The fact that highly intelligent people earn more on average is relevant when people have different tastes. Undeniably, intelligence has significant explanatory power. But we don’t need to envision a dystopia where average people are sustained by the welfare state because their skills have been made redundant due to economic complexity. The unlimited diversity of human preferences ensures that opportunities will always be available for ordinary people to accumulate wealth by catering to diverse preferences. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------