복잡계 혁명이 몰려온다

정말 대한민국의 좌파들을 대청소할 때가 왔다.

출처: 일베

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닉슨 대통령의 전철을 밟아가는 트럼프. -- 사학자 닐 퍼거슨

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Financial Post‏

Greenpeace admits its attacks on forest products giant were ‘non-verifiable statements of subjective opinion’

산림 제품을 생산하는 대기업(Resolute Forest Products Inc.)에 공격을 퍼부었던 그린피스가, 지금 와서 그들의 비난이 증명할 수 없는 개인적 의견일 뿐이라고 인정했다.

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책 <The Economics of Ludwig von Mises: Toward a Critical Reappraisal>, Laurence S. Moss의 서문에서

Above all, Mises presented his students with a "Paradigm" that has come to be associated with the work of the Austrian school of economics and in particular the pioneering thought of Carl Menger. According to Mises, and the Austrian school in general, the economic system is a delicate arrangement that coordinates and sometimes synchronizes individual plans without the need for centralized direction and often in spite of cumbersome governmental interventions. The so-called competitive model where individuals are reduced to profit-maximizing calculators not only distorts real world relations but pushes economics into a mold that partially obscures the subjective character of "costs" and "values" and ignores the uncertainties that individual actors experience when for- mulating their plans. For Mises, economic theory is more than a set of convenient assumptions that permit the systematic arrangement of historical statistics: economics offers insight into the nature of the human condition itself. (econlib.org에서 위의 책을 읽을 수 있음)

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The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays

by Hilary Putnam (Author)

If philosophy has any business in the world, it is the clarification of our thinking and the clearing away of ideas that cloud the mind. In this book, one of the world's preeminent philosophers takes issue with an idea that has found an all-too-prominent place in popular culture and philosophical thought: the idea that while factual claims can be rationally established or refuted, claims about value are wholly subjective, not capable of being rationally argued for or against. Although it is on occasion important and useful to distinguish between factual claims and value judgments, the distinction becomes, Hilary Putnam argues, positively harmful when identified with a dichotomy between the objective and the purely "subjective."

Putnam explores the arguments that led so much of the analytic philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology to become openly hostile to the idea that talk of value and human flourishing can be right or wrong, rational or irrational; and by which, following philosophy, social sciences such as economics have fallen victim to the bankrupt metaphysics of Logical Positivism. Tracing the problem back to Hume's conception of a "matter of fact" as well as to Kant's distinction between "analytic" and "synthetic" judgments, Putnam identifies a path forward in the work of Amartya Sen. Lively, concise, and wise, his book prepares the way for a renewed mutual fruition of philosophy and the social sciences. (아마존의 책 광고문안)

사실과 가치 판단의 구별이 논리적 실증주의라는 늪에 빠져버렸다는 주장.

From Library Journal

Hume's and much 20th-century moral philosophy contrasted moral with factual judgments and led people to conclude that the former, unlike the latter, are subjective in the sense of not being rationally supportable. Putnam (philosophy, emeritus, Harvard) believes that the contrast is ill conceived and that the conclusion is both unwarranted and false. He acknowledges the usefulness of the fact/value distinction but denies that anything metaphysical follows from it. Indeed, he goes so far as to assert that knowledge of facts presupposes knowledge of values. He grounds his argument in Amartya Sen's discussions of non-self interested human motives and of "capabilities" people rationally value and enjoy freely exercising. Putnam covers such matters as imperative logic, economics vis- -vis ethics, and preference theory and such thinkers as V. Walsh, L. Robbins, and R.M. Hare. A fine philosophical workout for attentive readers.

Robert Hoffman, York Coll. of CUNY

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러시아와 미국에 회사를 두고 있는 Apis Cotr라는 3D 프린팅 회사가 24시간 안에 제작한 집, 집은 175년 정도의 내구성을 지녔고, 비용은 약 10,000달러가 들었다고 한다. (관련 비디오도 있다)

Nikita Chen-yun-tai, the inventor of the mobile printer and founder of Apis Cor

“We want to help people around the world to improve their living conditions. That’s why the construction process needs to become fast, efficient and high-quality as well. For this to happen we need to delegate all the hard work to smart machines.”