엄상익
어느 날 갑판에서 바짝 마르고 얼굴이 검은 남자와 만나 잠시 얘기를 나누었다. 그가 이런 말을 했다.
“나는 철저한 보수 꼴통이예요. 나는 부자가 됐어요. 그런데 왜들 그렇게 부자를 미워하는지 모르겠어요. 예수를 믿어 보려고 해도 성경이라는 게 부자를 미워하라는 책 같더라구요. 십계명을 보면 하나님이 나 이외의 신(神)을 섬기지 말라고 했어요. 얼마나 오만한 하나님입니까? 그런 종교를 왜 믿는지 모르겠어요. 처녀가 아이를 낳는 일이나 죽은 사람이 되살아나는 일이 있겠습니까? 앞으로 과학이 더 발전하면 증명될 수도 있겠죠.”
한번은 배의 갑판에서 그를 다시 만났다. 그가 내게 이렇게 말했다.
“내가 책을 가득 가지고 배에 타지 않았으면 무료할 뻔했어요. 저는 책을 워낙 많이 읽는 사람입니다. 한국에 있을 때도 저는 독서클럽에 가입해서 책을 읽어 왔어요. 그런데 말이죠, 톨스토이는 왜 그렇게 부자라는 데 대해 죄의식을 느끼는 거죠? 저는 그런 죄의식이 전혀 없어요. 내가 왜 죄인이라고 생각해야 하는지 모르겠어요.” (발췌)
--->종교에는 공산주의적인 요소가 상당히 많다. 그래서 기독교나 불교에 좌파 독신자들이 생겨난다. 위 글이 남자는 본능적으로 기독교의 반자본주의적 요소를 느끼고 있다.
성경에는 좌우 상반되는 글들이 많아서 공산주의를 비판하려면 예수의 말에 의존해서는 곤란하고, 자유주의 경제학을 따라야 한다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
김문수
정의당 이정미 대표가 문재인 대통령의 사냥개가 되어 황교안 대표를 “거의 싸이코 패스 수준”이라며, 물어뜯고 있습니다. 4·3보궐선거에서도 창원에서 정의당 여영국 후보가 민주당의 앞잡이가 되어, 자유한국당 강기윤 후보를 꺾고, 국회의원으로 당선됐습니다. 정의당과 민주당과 문재인 대통령은 둘이 아니라, 하나입니다.
자유한국당과 황교안을 죽이는데는, 이정미가 문재인입니다. 정의당이 민주당입니다. 정의당은 야당이 아닙니다. 정의당, 민주당 모두 친북 주사파 세력이 주도하고 있습니다.
둘이 아니라 하나입니다. 이들은 합쳐야 정상이지만, 나눠졌다 합쳤다 하면서, 유권자를 현혹시켜 재미 보고 있습니다. 정의당을 보고 야당이라고 부르면 안됩니다.
자유한국당은 선거법을 고쳐야 합니다. 민주당과 정의당처럼, 서로 다른 이름을 가진 두 정당이 합당도 하지 않으면서, 선거 때만 되면 다른 정당후보를 사퇴케 해서 후보단일화를 이루면서, 유권자를 현혹케 하는 야합을 하면, 후보 등록을 금지하는 벌칙을 신설하도록, 선거법 개정안을 발의해야 합니다.
---------------------------------------------------------------
유시민의 정체성은 ‘요설(饒舌)’인가? ‘촉새’인가? 아니면 ‘작가’인가?
문무대왕
---------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
skin in the game.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
해골찬의 여론조사 윽박질에 이은
나경원 달창논란과 황교안의 청소차 탑승 꼬투리,
석가탄신일 땡중 눈치안보고 합장 절 안했다며
어용언론들의 펌프질.
그리고 조작미터의 지지율 발표.
민주당 대폭상승.
근데 그전에 누가 또 나서서 주둥이질로 펌프질을 했더라.
홍산가리가 황교안더러 들어올 명분을 만들어놓고
장외투쟁 나갔어야지 하며 개소리를 씨부려대었지.
5공 공안검사라며 낡은 프레임 씌우고....
홍빠돌이 양아치새끼들은 진짜 대가리는 장식으로 달고 다니는지 모를일이다.
도대체 무엇때문에 지금 저렇게 맛탱이 가버린
홍산가리를 쳐빨고 있는지 말이야.
----> 홍준표 저 사람은 황교안을 응원하지는 못할 망정, 왜 이상한 말로 그를 깎아내리지?
저 사람은 기본이 제대로 되어 있지 않은 정치인 같다.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
최저임금여파로 회사에 짤린사람은 어차피 소수이고 많아야 20%정도
나머지 80%된 사람들은 오히려 전체적으로 급여가 올라간거야
하위계층 뒈지든 말든 나만 잘되면 된다는 마인드가 딱 그거지
하위계층 자살하든 말든 상당수 203040 회사원들은 월 10~20만원 더 받는거에 어마어마하게 문재앙에게 고마워함
나중에 전체적으로 좆되든 말든 일단 지금현재 나는 급여 올라가니깐 나중일은 나중일이고
일단 살림살이 나아진거지
이게 문재앙의 지지율의 비밀임
다만 대놓고 좋아하지 않지
최저임금 직격탄 맞은 계층은 급여 줄어든게 아니라
삶이 문턱이 왔다갔다 하는정도니깐
윤서인 작가말처럼 되는거 같음
[출처] 지금 언론의 경제 실정 프레임이 전혀 먹히지 않는 이유
[출처] 환율은 1500원-1800원대로 폭등할것같고 ! 환율최대수헤주는 섬유업 방산기업 환율 악재기업은 항공여행업 레저콘도수입업체
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
미중 무역 전쟁에 관한 5가지 메모
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
안휘성의 남성이 자신의 개 이름을 청관城管(시 관리관), 시에관协管(교통 관리관)이라는 이름으로 불렀다고 10일 구류처분을 받았다.
---------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
그런데 지금 미국에서는 성추문 사건의 주인공 하비 웨인스타인의 변호를 맡았던 흑인 교수 로날드 설리번을 하버드 대학이 해고했다.
-------------------------------------------------------
공산주의 범죄를 제대로 폭로하지 않아 우리는 커다란 대가를 치루었다.
---------------------------------------------------------
Joe Norman
The #PrecautionaryPrinciple is necessary to save us from dangerous idiots with “good intentions”
조 노먼 -- 좋은 의도를 지닌 멍청이들이 지구를 망치려 하고 있다. PrecautionaryPrinciple이 필요한 이유이다.
--->기후 변화 자체가 사기인데, 그 사기에 놀아나 다시 태양 빛을 막는다면, 나중에 어떤 재앙이 우리를 덮칠지 모른다.
--------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
--->아버지, 어머니가 자본주의의 혜택으로 부자가 되었는데, 그 자식 대에 가면 대학에 가서 자본주의가 만악의 근원이라고 배운다.
옛날에 부자집 아들이 주색에 빠져 아버지 재산을 탕진하듯이, 오늘날은 부자집 자식들이 공산(사회)주의에 빠져 선대가 뼈빠지게 쌓아온 부(富)를 탕진하고 있다.
-----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
그야말로 정신나간 자가 아닌가
지금까지 무려 100조에 가까운 돈을 일자리 대책 자금으로
쏟아 붓고도 어떠한 성과도 없었고
오히려 실업자가 더 늘어나지 않았는가
문재인 발언에 따르면 이럴때 일수록
더욱 더 재정을 확대해야 한다는 논리며
이건 논리가 아니라 사실상 막가자는 말과 뭐가 다른가
[출처] 문재인 더욱 더 재정 확대 하겠다 선언
----> 케인즈의 인플레 정책에 매달려 경제를 일으켜보겠다는 몸부림인데, 이는 인플레를 유발해 서민들을 고통스럽게 하고, 양극화를 심화시키며, 경기 침체를 더 가속화하는 짓이다. 그리고 나중에 재정부채는 결정적인 순간 한국을 나락으로 밀어넣을 것이다. 전에도 여러 번 썻지만, 한국인들은 지옥을 체험할 준비를 해야 한다.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
과거의 통화 타락에 대해
금화나 은화에 철이나 동을 섞어 악화(惡貨)를 만들어 시장에 풀면, 첫 번째로 물가가 오르고, 다음으로 상업 활동이 위축된다. 그리고 상업 활동이 위축되면 그에 따른 여러 가지 재난이 잇따른다.
현자로 불리던 카스티유의 왕 알폰소는 왕위에 앉자마자 부르갈레사라는 악화(惡貨)를 유통시켰다. 그리고 높은 물가를 잡기 위해 그는 새로운 법을 만들어 상품의 가격을 정했다. 하지만 고물가는 계속되었고, 그는 산초와 그의 아들에 의해 왕위에서 쫓겨나고 말았다.
헨리 8세는 통화를 타락시켰고, 그로 인해 물가가 오르는 등의 부작용이 나타나자, 아들인 에드워드가 통화의 가치를 반으로 절하했고, 엘리자베스 여왕도 다시 가치를 반으로 줄여야 했다.
왕들에게 한 가지 조언을 하느니, 건전한 국가를 원한다면, 상업의 초석이라 할 수 있는 통화의 무게나 순도를 건드리자 마시오. 겉으로 보기에는 쉬운 해결 방법처럼 보이지만, 거기에는 여러 겹의 속임수가 숨어 있다.
Juan De Mariana on Creating Money Out of Thin Air
Juan de Mariana
[A Selection From: "On the Coinage" by Juan de Mariana Translated by Hazzard Bagg for the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 21, no. 2 (Summer 2018).]
In ancient times they used to exchange things without using money: a goat for a sheep, a cow for some grain. Then they figured out that it would be easier if merchandise and grain were exchanged for metals: gold, silver, and copper. Ultimately, so that it would not forever be necessary to weigh metals out for their dealings and transactions with one another (which is quite a pain), they decided that the various metals should be divided into units by public authority and that these units should be stamped according to the weight of each. This is the proper and natural way to use money that Aristotle tells us about in the first book of the Politics; those other ways of turning a trick to cheat the people were developed and discovered by men who could not care less about transparency and fairness. But even if the prince is not taxing the other commodities and is not laying claim to them, he often takes a cut of the currency; this does not mean that there is any less blame in doing this, nor is it any less of a subversion of, and stain upon, the laws of nature. But these mysterious, dolled-up schemes deceive most people with the result that the disease is felt less acutely.
“What harm is there,” they say, “if the prince takes a half or a quarter for himself, and if what is left over for individuals is spent at a value that is no less than the original one? Indeed, you buy clothing and food just like before. Where is the loss? For their money is used only to buy necessities.” So easily are the people tricked that they put up with the debasing of the coinage! Thus, the prince has more power over the coinage than he does over other commodities. The mints, mint officials, their operations, and the bureaucrats are completely in his power and control. Because of this, he is able to blend metals without anyone stopping him, he can introduce a new coinage in place of the old one stamped with a new mark, with no more honesty than if he were directing the other possessions of his citizens to himself with blatant force.
You might ask, what should be done when a confident enemy challenges in war? Add to that one who is aggressive because of a fresh victory and strong in troops and supplies, and when there is no money available with which a soldier might be recruited or a salary paid. Or will you suppose that he ought to surrender and that every type of misfortune should be endured so that the coinage can remain intact? I would think that every possible remedy should be tried before it should come to the extreme measure of debasing the currency. But if a major crisis is pressing and the safety of the people is in jeopardy and the affected citizens cannot be forced to enter into an agreement whereby the prince can commandeer the other possessions of his subjects to come to the aid of the country in its moment of need, only then will he be able to blend metals or snip off a portion of the weight, but with the proviso that the permission to debase should come to an end along with the war and that the blemish not be permanent, and then that the bad money that necessity forced upon them be straightaway turned in and retired, and that the proper old coinage be restored in place of that bad one for those who were holding it in good faith.
Frederick Augustus, the second of that name, was laying siege to Faenza in Flaminia during a very harsh winter. There was no money for soldiers’ pay, everywhere soldiers were slipping away, and units were being abandoned continuously. Lifting the siege was a disgraceful and serious thing, but continuing it was a difficult one. He marked money made of rawhide with the value of a gold coin, and with this conceit he got out of the tight spot. Once he had taken the city as victor, he exchanged the rawhide coins for as many gold ones as he had promised. The source is Collenutius in Book Four of his History of Naples. This example has been followed in similar crises certainly long ago but also in recent times, and coinage quite often made of hide but sometimes even out of paper has been marked without harm or rebuke. However, if a prince thinks that it is within his purview to debase the currency outside of one of these crises just to fill a deficit in his treasury, something that is more or less always a problem, I proclaim certain destruction—nor will the respite be long-lasting—as the following terrible afflictions demonstrate.
The first consequence will be the high cost of all commodities and food—doubtless not less than the amount that will have been subtracted from the quality of the currency. For people do not value a currency any more than the quality and amount of metal allows—not even if there are strict laws against doing this. Indeed, at that point the people will bemoan the fact that they have been tricked by an illusion, and they will sense that the new currency that has been substituted for the old one is not worth as much as the former currency when they need much greater resources than they used to in order to feed their families. Or are we serving up delusions rather than things that are plain to see from the accuracy of our chronicles? King Alfonso of Castile, known as “The Wise,” as soon as he gained control of the crown and possessions of the realm, substituted a bad currency, called the burgalesa, for the pepión, which was the coinage in use at the time. In order to relieve the high cost of things that immediately followed, he set the value of merchandise with a new law. This solution made matters worse since no one was willing to sell at the set price. And so, this scheme to set prices fell apart right from the start. The problem of high prices went on for a while. I conclude that damage to the coinage was the primary reason for the disaffection of the people and for his replacement by Sancho and his son before the end of his life. For since Alfonso was stubborn, in the seventh year of his reign he recalled the burgalesa and introduced a coinage that was called “black” because of the poor quality of the metal.
Alfonso XI, in no way chastened by the example of his great grandfather, also minted a coinage made from metal that was not of high quality that they called novenes and coronados. So that the prices of food and other items not increase, he took the sensible enough precaution that a mark—that is to say two-thirds of a pound—of silver not be worth more maravedís than it was worth previously (that is, 125). This ineffectual measure, however, turned out to be a useless precaution: inflation followed, the value of silver skyrocketed. Enrique the second, the son of this Alfonso, upon gaining the throne after the murder of his brother, King Pedro, had recourse to this solution in order to pay the salaries of his foreign provincial soldiers (to whom he owed his life and his throne) because his accounts were in a lot of trouble, since both the public and his personal treasuries had been exhausted. He struck two types of coinage, reales and cruzados, doubtless valued above the amount of metal in them. We have examined the reales of King Pedro and those of his brother Enrique; indeed, Pedro’s are of good silver of the kind that is struck in our own day in Castile; Enrique’s are blackish, evidently with a lot of copper added in. In order to alleviate the rise in the prices of things that followed (together with the dismay of people in the provinces), after a fresh appraisal, he was compelled to subtract two thirds from the value of both types of coinage. Thus, things that have been dreamed up so ingeniously to save us do frequently fall the other way. Oh, the short-sighted and blind minds of men!
That much the same thing befell Enrique’s son, King Juan, is evident from his laws. For, being out of money because of the wars that he waged, first against the Portuguese and then incessantly against the English, he struck a coinage that he called the blanca in order to send the money that he owed to the Duke of Lancaster, his rival for the throne, in accordance with the treaty that he had recently entered into with him. Presently the prices of food went up. To alleviate this problem, he soon reduced the value of the new currency by about a half. But the high prices did not let up, as he himself admitted at the Cortes at Burgos the following year in 1388. Why should I bring up the kings who followed? I find that the same collapse has developed from the same corrupt origin.
So much for high prices... Another problem flows from the first: Commercial activity that for the most part makes up both public and private wealth is slowed down by a debased coinage. The low quality of the currency clearly frightens shopkeepers and their customers; the high prices that follow on from this problem also frighten them. But if the prince were to set prices for things by fiat (as always seems to happen), instead of a cure, the problem will get much worse since there is no one who will agree to sell for that price, which is so clearly unfair and not squared with commonly recognized valuation. Once commercial activity has stopped, there is no category of problem which does not befall such a people. Certainly, the provincials will be of necessity stretched thin in two ways: first, due to the slowdown in buying and selling, the income from which the majority of the population lives will grind to a halt. These people are craftsmen for the most part and people whose hopes for a meal lie in their hands and in working every day—which is most people. Second, the prince will be forced either to completely withdraw the bad currency which is the cause of the problem or to issue a currency that is worse with its previous value reduced. So it happened that in the reign of King Enrique the second of Castile, in spite of this, he subtracted two thirds from the value of his new currency. Whoever found themselves holding that money suddenly discovered that, by the power of a word, what had been three hundred gold pieces had been reduced to no more than one hundred.
We seem to be kidding. Let us set aside the past. From the moment that he left the Church, Henry, the eighth king of England by that name, ran into many problems. Among these problems he debased the currency. For that which had an eleventh part of copper mixed in was gradually reduced to the point that it retained only a sixth part of silver. With a fresh decree he swept up the old money from the provincials and exchanged it for an equal number and weight of the new, debased currency. The people remained silent as long as they feared the savagery of that man, who thought of bleeding his citizens as a game. But after his death, his son Edward brought it about that the value of this coinage was decreased by half. Edward’s sister, Elizabeth, also subtracted another half from the remaining value once she gained the throne. So it was the case that those people who used to have four hundred gold pieces in that currency had it reduced to one hundred once three quarters of the value had been subtracted. And the damage did not stop there; that currency was thereupon taken out of circulation with no way to restore the loss, a scandalous mugging. Sanders, a scholar and at one time in the past a friend of mine, confirms this toward the end of Book One of his On the English Schism.
With commercial activity suspended and, as a consequence, with the provincials stretched thin, the pitiable disaster of royal taxes will come to the fore. The prince will be punished in proportion to how much he has enjoyed the profit from that currency. For it cannot be a good situation for a king to have a kingdom which is practically struggling physically; nor will the provincials be in a position to be stretched thin by paying taxes. Also, tax collectors will not bring in as much in royal taxes as they had before. I read that when King Alfonso XI of Castile was a child, royal officials were forced to submit to an audit; I have gleaned that all the royal taxes for the year came to 1,600,000 maravedíes. Those maravedíes were worth more than ours and each one was worth about as much as seventeen of ours, still an undeniably tiny and laughable amount. The writer of the history of that king describes how one of the two causes of this disastrous situation was the debasing of the coinage carried out by quite a few of the previous kings. Evidently, with commercial activity brought to a standstill, the subjects were reduced to a state of penury and were unable to bring into the treasury what they had typically brought in during normal times.
Who would not see that this is a tremendous handicap? Who would not admit this? Would you then prefer that there be a universal hatred on the part of the people that will inevitably overwhelm the prince? Is it not preferable to be loved than to be feared? In general, all public failures are blamed on the person in charge. Philip the Fair, King of France, confessed right before his death that he faced the hatred of the people for no reason other than that the coinage had been debased, and with his last words he commanded his son Louis “Hutin” to change it. The source is Robert Gaguin. I do not read anywhere about what Louis did, but it seems to be the case that the demonstrations and hatred on the part of the people did not settle down before Enguerrand de Marigny, the author of the foul scheme, was publicly executed, as the majority of the nobles urged during the proceedings and the entire population applauded. There is no need to mention the fact that the precedent set by this disaster did not discourage Hutin’s brother, Charles the Fair, nor their mutual cousin and successor, Philip of Valois, from treading on this same path of debasing the currency in France; nor need I mention the magnitude of the public reaction. Instead, let a limit be placed upon the discussion that has been begun here. I would like to give princes one last piece of advice: if you want your state to be a healthy one, do not touch the primary foundations of commerce—units of weight, measurement, and the coinage. A many-layered swindle lies hidden behind the appearance of a quick fix.
[The full article is available at the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics.]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
감기 후에 계속되는 해수에 형방시박탕荆防柴朴汤
今天年轻的C女士来复诊，她说上次的处方效果不错，服药期间咳嗽基本不发，只是近日变天冷夜间还有喘息，要求继续中药治疗。C女士是位咳嗽变异性哮喘患者。她近2年来经常出现咳嗽气喘，天气变冷或入冬后症状加重，并有反复尿路感染，过敏性鼻炎、肺结核病、阿司匹林过敏史。她冬季怕冷，夏季手心热甚，皮肤易过敏，食欲时好时坏，经来腹痛欲吐、易感冒。胆囊上有一4mm赘生物。今年6月初来诊。处方：荆芥15 g、防风15g、柴胡15 g、黄芩10 g、姜半夏15 g、党参10 g、生甘草5 g、厚朴15 g、苏梗15 g、茯苓15 g、
荆防柴朴汤是小柴胡汤、半夏厚朴汤加上荆芥、防风而成。我常用来治疗感冒后咳嗽反复、甚至微喘的患者，病如咳嗽变异性哮喘、支气管炎、慢性鼻炎、花粉症等，有止咳、控制发作的效果。咳嗽为何用小柴胡汤？是因为这种咳嗽迁延反复，来来往往，就是小柴胡汤证的“往来寒热”；为何用半夏厚朴汤？这种咳嗽鼻咽痒或痛，胸闷粘痰，就是半夏厚朴汤证的“咽中如有炙脔”；为何加荆芥、防风？是此两药善于祛风止痒，不仅对皮肤瘙痒，而且对鼻子眼睛咽喉刺痒也有效。
荆防柴朴汤比较安全，只要肝肾功能正常者，就可以服用。如果症状控制后，可以停服或减量。服药期间不宜进食鱼虾辛辣等，以防过敏发作。少数患者可能出现腹泻等，但往往泻后舒适，所以，只要一天不超过3次，应该无妨。
近年来，我国部分大城市雾霾严重，呼吸道疾病易发，对那些过敏性的上呼吸道疾病，服用荆防柴朴汤或许能解决部分患者的痛苦。不过，其方名是我起的，方剂教科书上检索不到。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
감기 후에 계속되는 해수에 형방시박탕荆防柴朴汤
今天年轻的C女士来复诊，她说上次的处方效果不错，服药期间咳嗽基本不发，只是近日变天冷夜间还有喘息，要求继续中药治疗。C女士是位咳嗽变异性哮喘患者。她近2年来经常出现咳嗽气喘，天气变冷或入冬后症状加重，并有反复尿路感染，过敏性鼻炎、肺结核病、阿司匹林过敏史。她冬季怕冷，夏季手心热甚，皮肤易过敏，食欲时好时坏，经来腹痛欲吐、易感冒。胆囊上有一4mm赘生物。今年6月初来诊。处方：荆芥15 g、防风15g、柴胡15 g、黄芩10 g、姜半夏15 g、党参10 g、生甘草5 g、厚朴15 g、苏梗15 g、茯苓15 g、
荆防柴朴汤是小柴胡汤、半夏厚朴汤加上荆芥、防风而成。我常用来治疗感冒后咳嗽反复、甚至微喘的患者，病如咳嗽变异性哮喘、支气管炎、慢性鼻炎、花粉症等，有止咳、控制发作的效果。咳嗽为何用小柴胡汤？是因为这种咳嗽迁延反复，来来往往，就是小柴胡汤证的“往来寒热”；为何用半夏厚朴汤？这种咳嗽鼻咽痒或痛，胸闷粘痰，就是半夏厚朴汤证的“咽中如有炙脔”；为何加荆芥、防风？是此两药善于祛风止痒，不仅对皮肤瘙痒，而且对鼻子眼睛咽喉刺痒也有效。
荆防柴朴汤比较安全，只要肝肾功能正常者，就可以服用。如果症状控制后，可以停服或减量。服药期间不宜进食鱼虾辛辣等，以防过敏发作。少数患者可能出现腹泻等，但往往泻后舒适，所以，只要一天不超过3次，应该无妨。
近年来，我国部分大城市雾霾严重，呼吸道疾病易发，对那些过敏性的上呼吸道疾病，服用荆防柴朴汤或许能解决部分患者的痛苦。不过，其方名是我起的，方剂教科书上检索不到。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
댓글 없음:
댓글 쓰기