6월 7일
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마행의감탕. 마행석감탕과 유사하지만 효능은 전혀 다르다.
麻黃杏仁薏苡甘草湯(傷寒卒病論)
【製法用量】
麻黃去節，湯泡7克(半兩) 甘草炙14克(1兩) 薏苡仁7克(半兩) 杏仁去皮、尖，炒3克(10個)
上藥銼碎。每服12g(四錢匕)，用水230ml(盞半)，煮至160ml(八分)，去滓溫服。有微汗，避風。
【功效】
解表除濕，宣利肺氣。
【主治】
風濕表證。一身盡痛，關節痛，甚則不可屈伸，發熱，日晡所劇，舌苔黃而微膩，脈滑而數。
출처: yibian
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倪海厦《人纪金匮》：关于久伤取冷所致，还说，就是你常常坐在潮湿的地方。这种情况发生于坐在牢里面的人最多，或者外岛当兵回来的得到风湿，也是这个汤症，这种症是属于湿气已经渗透到了关节里面去了引起的痛，也属于寒湿的一种。他的意思就是，个人所处的环境比较潮湿，湿气难以散结的，就容易得到这样的病。这里讲的就针对【湿】，却不是说【取冷】的冷了。但是呢，这条文明明说的是【名风湿】，说【湿】也很正常啊。寒则气滞，水汽滞留则成湿，寒湿总是难以分开的。
他再说：麻杏甘石汤有个特征，病人的痛在关节中，而且皮肤表面是黑黑的。所以当中医看到病人皮肤特别干燥又有关节痛的时候就是麻杏甘石汤症了。
“麻杏薏甘湯常常使用於氣候要變之前，【老師，外面氣候陰雨了】。只要一遇到陰天，關節就開始痠了，就是麻杏薏甘湯了。因為他治療的濕實在是在第二層，這濕會跟環境的濕相感應，空氣中濕度一增加病家就知道，因為直接接觸於表，濕在表就會難過。”
비가 오기 전에 날씨가 흐리면 벌써 관절통이 있는 사람에게 마행의감탕이 적합하다는 설명.
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마행의감탕 해설
病者一身盡疼，發熱，日晡所劇者，此名風濕。此病傷於汗出當風，或久傷取冷所致也。可與麻黃杏仁薏苡甘草湯。(《金匱要略》)
譯者按：「原文無尾句，今從唐氏《金匱淺注補正本》加之。」
【註】
一身盡疼者，一身之關節盡痛也。日晡所者，黃昏時也。「發熱」二字在「日晡所」之上者，謂常發熱，然至日暮時更增劇之意也。此下是說明病名與病因。
東洞翁本方定義云：「治麻黃杏仁甘草石膏湯證之不煩渴有水氣者。」然茫然之議論，難以為確據。又當有喘滿之證，然是亦非必有之證，故難為定則也。由余之實驗，本條明述急性、多發性關節炎之證治。苟存其證，於他病亦可活用之，無待言矣。
麻黃杏仁薏苡甘草湯方
麻黃9.5 克，甘草5 克，薏苡仁19 克，杏仁5 克。
煎法用法同前。
先輩之論說治驗
《方輿輗》本方條曰：「此湯之證，較麻黃加朮湯則濕邪膩滯稍深，故用薏苡等品歟。夫薏苡，《本經》云治濕痹，《別錄》云除筋骨中之邪氣，余曾運用於梅毒及痛痹等。」
《類聚方廣義》本方條曰：「治孕婦浮腫，喘咳息迫，或身體麻痹或疼痛者。治肺癰初起，惡寒息迫，咳嗽不止，面目浮腫，濁唾臭痰及胸痛者。當其精氣未脫，兼用白散，蕩滌邪穢，則可平復矣。風濕、痛風，發熱劇痛，關節腫起者，加朮、附有奇效。」
求真按：「有朮、附之證，方可加之，否則不宜加也。」
《勿誤藥室方函口訣》本方條曰：「此方治風濕之流注而痛不解者。蓋風濕尚在皮膚，未至關節，故只發熱身疼痛，此方能強烈發汗。…又一男子，周身生疣子數百走痛者，與此方而即治。」
求真按：「淺田氏謂本方不治關節痛，非也，不可從之。又此方之治疣，不外薏苡仁之作用，故單用之亦可有效，但其陳久硬固者效少。」
薏苡仁之醫治效用
腸癰之為病，其身甲錯，腹皮急，按之濡，如腫狀，腹無積聚，身無熱，脈數，此為腸內有癰膿，薏苡附子敗醬散主之。(《金匱要略》)
方後云，小便當下血。
求真按：「甲錯者，皮膚如魚鱗之謂。癰膿者，化膿之意。由薏苡附子敗醬散之治等證觀之，則為此方君藥之薏苡仁，其治甲錯及化膿也明矣。又此方服後尿量增加，則主藥之薏苡仁有利尿作用亦明矣。」
《方機》同方主治曰：「瘡家身甲錯者。」
求真按：「瘡家者，謂有癰腫、癤腫等之皮膚病人也。」
所謂鵝掌風者。
求真按：「鵝掌風者，手掌或足蹠甲錯者之病名也。」
《方輿輗》同方條曰：「治白帶不止，脈沉緊者。此本腸癰藥也，余活用於帶下，間有效驗。」
求真按：「據此說，則薏苡仁能治白帶也明矣。」
《千金》葦莖湯，治咳有微熱，煩滿，胸中甲錯者，是為肺癰。(《金匱要略》)
【註】
《類聚方廣義》本方條曰：「當以吐膿血臭痰為目的。」
求真按：「薏苡仁為本方之臣藥，則其治膿血臭痰也明矣。」
《證治摘要‧肺痿肺癰篇》曰：「桔梗湯加薏苡仁則尤有效。一男兒六歲，患肺癰，吐膿血。與桔梗湯加薏苡及犀角，每日使食薏苡粥及鯉魚膾、乾柿等。十餘日，膿血日減，月餘痊愈。」
肺癰，用薏苡根搗汁，溫熱服之，其效驗最捷，已潰未潰，皆可挽回，諸方所不及也。又云薏苡為肺癰之專藥，根汁最有效。(明《韓懋醫通》)
《松蔭醫誤》曰：「疣類多出，與薏苡子則有驗。肩臂痛如吹出物然，用之亦有驗云。」
《本草綱目》曰
薏苡仁
【氣味】甘，微寒，無毒。
【主治】筋急拘攣，不可屈伸，久風濕痹。(《本經》)
除筋骨中之邪氣不仁，利腸胃，消水腫，令人能食。…止消渴，殺蟲。(藏器)
治肺痿、肺氣積之膿血，咳嗽涕唾，上氣。煎服則破毒腫。(甄權)
去乾、濕腳氣，大驗。(孟詵)
健脾益胃，補肺清熱，去風勝濕，…利小便、熱淋。(時珍)
歸納上說，本藥有治甲錯，治膿汁、膿血、白帶，利尿，治疣贅發疹，鎮痛，鎮痙，消炎，解凝諸作用也明矣。余以之加於葛根湯，治項背筋之痙攣(肩凝)；又與朮加於同方，治急、慢之關節痛；同桔梗配用於柴胡劑，療腐敗性支氣管炎及肺壞疽；配用於大黃牡丹皮湯及大黃牡丹皮湯去芒硝、大黃牡丹皮湯去大黃、芒硝以醫魚鱗癬、闌尾炎及淋病。
此藥加於豬苓湯及豬苓湯加甘草、豬苓湯加甘草、大黃，治淋病；加於桃核承氣湯、大黃牡丹皮湯及其類方桂枝茯苓丸及當歸芍藥散等，治白帶；又單用或配用於諸方，治疣贅，悉收卓效。唯須注意者，薏苡仁之性寒，為利尿藥，又為緩下藥，則於如石膏劑證之組織枯燥者，及屬於下痢陰虛證者，宜禁忌之。
출처: 皇汉医学
황한의학은 일본인 汤本求真이 저술한 책으로 1927년 출판되었다. 탕본구진은 원래 서구의학을 공부한 사람으로, 그 자신이 나름의 과학적 입장에서 한의학을 연구한 책이라고 할 수 있다. 皇汉 은 한의학에 대한 존칭으로, 후에 일본이 군국주의에 접어든 다음에는 한방의학으로 격하되었다고 한다. 내용은 상한론과 금궤요략에 대한 주석 및 해설서라고 보면 된다. 일본인답게 대단히 치밀하게 관련된 모든 내용을 검토하고 인용했다.
상한론을 배우는 초보자들에게도 도움이 되는 책으로 원문은 Chinese Text Project라는 곳에서 중국어 번역을 무료로 볼 수있다.
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변희재 대표 " 오너 김정은, 바지 문재인을 개돼지 취급, 현찰과 더 확실한 충성맹세 요구 "
변희재 대표는 유튜브 방송을 통해서, 종신집권인 김정은이 문재인을 아예 무시하고 있다면서, 북한이 원하는 것은 미국이 한국을 완전히 외면하고, 자신들과 대화하는 행태인데, 만약에 대한민국에 간첩이 있다면 그렇게 되도록 하려할 것이라고 지적했다.
6월 15일 이후로 대한민국은 월남이 패망하기 직전보다 훨씬 더 빠른 속도로 패망할 것이라고 비관적 전망을 하였다.
-----> 김대중이 평양을 방문했을 때, 김정일이 현급이 입금이 되지 않았다고 김대중을 만나주지 않으며, 그를 마치 하인 부리듯 하던 상황이 다시 연출되고 있다. 좌파들은 북한에 무언가 주지 못해서 안달이 나고, 북한은 오히려 시시한 건 필요 없으니 큰 걸로 달라고 오만한 태도로 나오고 있다.
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‘밈’이란 리차드 도킨스가 진화에 관해 쓴 저작에서 유래한 단어로, 모종의 관념을 전달하기 위해 제작된 이미지이다.
강력한 정치적 밈들에는 중요한 공통점이 있는데, 그것은 밈이 전달하고자 하는 관념이 주류 사회에서는 볼 수 없는 것이라는 데 있다. 즉 기존의 관념을 깨뜨리는 것이라는 사실이다.
그래서 미제스는 이미 오래전 이렇게 설파했다.
기존의 지적 환경을 변화시키는 관념들은 이전에 들어보지 못한 것들이다.
결국 자유로운 미래를 위한 희망은, 좌파들과의 선전전에서 사람들의 마음과 생각을 바꾸는 데 있다.
Ludwig von Mises Understood "Meme Magic"
•Tho Bishop
Tho directs the Mises Institute's social media marketing
One of the most consistent themes through the works of Ludwig von Mises is the role ideas play in shaping society. As he wrote in Theory and History:
Thoughts and ideas are not phantoms. They are real things. Although intangible and immaterial, they are factors in bringing about changes in the realm of tangible and material things.
How those ideas are transmitted has changed dramatically over time: from reliance on the spoken word, to the spread of print, to the rise of television, and to today’s digital word. Even within each era new forms of communication have arisen. For example, print transformed from a privilege of noble elites, to a medium created for the masses. Today’s age of digital communication is one that is constantly changing, but there is one phenomenon that may be particularly useful in the battle of ideas: online memes.
While by now most people are familiar with the word “meme,” there is still some misunderstanding on exactly what one is.
The term “meme” actually originated with the work of Richard Dawkins on human evolution, though the phrase took on a life of its own in the age of the internet. Memes are images created with the purpose of communicating some sort of idea, whether trivial or profound. While the targeted audience of a meme can be broad, the images often require some sort of pre-existing knowledge of a pop-cultural reference or trope. Like other forms of comedy, a meme also has its own form of internal logic. Just as the iconic cartoonist Chuck Jones constrained himself to a certain set of rules when creating Bugs Bunny cartoons, a successful meme often follows a recognizable pattern in order to make a point.
By building off these understood formulas, memes even have the ability to transcend cultural and national barriers. As the third example demonstrates, one can understand the political message being made simply by recognizing the image’s format.
Online viral images have been around as long as there’s been an internet, but the past few years have seen them become increasingly important in political movements. Most notably, memes became a particular source of pride among the alt-right which provided an online activist wing to Donald Trump’s campaign and other nationalist movements across the globe. As Trump continued to find shocking success in American politics, this online community began describing their efforts as “meme magic.” In spite of the name, there’s obviously nothing supernatural about this phenomenon. What we are actually seeing is simply a new form of warfare in the battle of ideas.
While the success of Trump’s campaign made meme magic famous, and brought forth an entertainingly convoluted internal narrative, it is not the only political movement to be impacted from memes. Bernie Sanders gained national headlines thanks to the work of his own “memelords.” Other politicians have actively sought to “ban” them. While memes have also been used to promote libertarian ideas such as “taxation is theft” in America, they seem to be having an even greater impact in areas such as Latin America. Reason’s mini-documentary on Brazil’s libertarian movement touches on the power memes have had in spreading the ideas of freedom in traditionally leftist countries, something I’ve heard frequently when talking with South American students during Mises University.
There is a key common thread with all of these and other examples of particularly potent political memes: the ideas being communicated are outside of the mainstream. After all, the best sort of memes tend to be those that trigger some sort of reaction, which is difficult to do by restricting yourself within the confines of common thought and opinion. There wasn’t much demand for memes promoting Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush even when we were being force fed them by the mainstream media. Meme culture has become largely defined by its hostility to political correctness, sometimes with real life consequences for their creators.
This actually fits in with Ludwig von Mises’s understanding of the impact of ideas in society. As he wrote in The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science:
The ideas that change the intellectual climate of a given environment are those unheard of before.
While in the book he’s specifically talking about original ideas, the repackaging of thoughts long outside of the mainstream can have a similar impact. After all, some of the Austrian school’s most radical insights were the rediscovery of truths understood by ancient great thinkers. So for memes to be effective, they don’t have to contain original thoughts, they must simply be effective in communicating the sort of ideas that won’t be seen in more traditional mediums.
As such it’s not surprising to see memes being the medium of choice for online reactionaries, anarchists, and others whose world view stands athwart the status quo. It also explains why the Austrian school’s monarch of memes is the one least discussed by the various libertarian beltway organizations: Hans-Hermann Hoppe.
In conclusion, while it is easy to dismiss much of the trends the internet has created, it is important to recognize the impact they do have on culture. We’ve already seen social media play significant roles in toppling standing governments, and obviously the visual use of propaganda is nothing new. As Mises understood, the hope for a freer future depends on winning the battle of hearts and minds:
Everything that happens in the social world in our time is the result of ideas. Good things and bad things. What is needed is to fight bad ideas.
In today’s world, that would include meme warfare. So to speak.
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하지만 부채-자산 거품은 모든 부채를 지탱하고 있는 담보 물건의 가치를 실제적으로 늘려주지는 못한다.
이 모든 장난은 미래 소득이 부채 이자보다 빠르게 상승할 거라는 전제에서 시작되었다. 하지만 이미 수년 동안 가구 소득은 정체되어 있거나 감소하고 있다.
이제 만일 금리가 소득 증가보다 빠르게 오른다면, 자산 거품이 터지고, 채무자들은 지불 불능에 빠지고, 자산 가격은 곤두박질 치고, 현금을 지닌 모든 사람은 거지가 되고 만다.
전세계의 미친 부채 거품은 과연 언제 끝날까?
Will the Crazy Global Debt Bubble Ever End?
•Charles Hugh Smith
이 필자는 개인적으로 경제학을 공부해서 인터넷에 글도 올리고 책도 쓴 사람이다. 케인즈 경제학의 인플레 정책을 주로 논박한다.
We've been playing two games to mask insolvency: one is to pay the costs of rampant debt today by borrowing even more from future earnings, and the second is to create wealth out of thin air via asset bubbles.
The two games are connected: asset bubbles require leverage and credit. Prices for homes, stocks, bonds, bat guano futures, etc. can only be pushed to the stratosphere if buyers have access to credit and can borrow to buy more of the bubbling assets.
If credit dries up, asset bubbles pop: no expansion of debt, no asset bubble.
The problem with these games is the debt-asset bubbles don't actually expand the collateral (real-world productive value) supporting all the debt. Collateral can be a physical asset like a house, but it can also be the ability to earn money to service debt.
There's More Debt, But Not More Wealth
Credit card debt, student loan debt, corporate debt, sovereign debt — all these loans are backed not by physical assets but by the ability to service the debt: earnings or tax revenues.
If a company earns $1 million annually, what's its stock worth? Whether the market values the company at $1 million or $1 billion, the company's earnings remain the same.
If a government collects $1 trillion in tax revenues, whether it borrows $1 trillion or $100 trillion, the tax revenues remain the same.
If the collateral supporting the debt doesn't expand with the debt, the borrower's ability to service debt becomes increasingly fragile. Consider a household that earns $100,000 annually. If it has $100,000 in debt to service, that is a 1-to-1 ratio of earnings and debt. What happens to the risk of default if the household borrows $1 million? If earnings remain the same, the risk of default rises, as the household has to devote an enormous percentage of its income to debt service. Any reduction in income will trigger default of the $1 million in debt.
If a household earns $100,000 annually, how much can it borrow? The answer depends on the terms of the debt: the rate of interest and the percentage of principal that must be repaid monthly.
If the interest rate is 0% and the monthly payment is fixed at $1, the household can borrow billions of dollars. This is how the game is played: there is no upper limit on debt if the interest rate is effectively zero, or adjusted for inflation, less than zero.
Would you lend the household your savings, knowing you'll never get any interest and the principal will never be repaid? Of course not. Nobody in a functioning market for capital would throw their hard-earned savings away on a debtor who can't pay any interest or principal.
The only institutions that can play this game are central banks, which create money out of thin air at zero cost. As for risk — the way to manage defaults is to print more money.
But once again — printing money doesn't create collateral or income needed to service debt. Printing money is akin to adding a zero to currency. Every $1 bill is now a $10 bill. Are you ten times wealthier once the central bank adds a zero to every bill? No, because the $5 loaf of bread is re-set to $50.
When Interest Rates Rise
The other problem with this game is interest keeps ticking higher while earnings remain flat. Even at very low rates of interest, interest payments keep rising. This is not an issue if income rises along with interest payments, but if income is flat, paying higher interest costs eventually pushes the borrower into default.
The household that borrowed $1 billion at 0% paid no interest. But let's say the lender now demands 1/10th of 1% interest--nearly zero interest. The household now owes $1 million in annual interest. Oops! Even near-zero interest can generate crushing interest payments once the debt reaches the stratosphere.
The whole game is a bet that future income will rise faster than debt service. Unfortunately, we've already lost that bet: household income has been stagnant or declining for years (or for the bottom 90%, for decades), and tax revenues have a nasty habit of falling sharply in recessions and stagnating along with private-sector earnings.
Which leads to the second game: blowing asset bubbles. If the household's earnings are flat or declining, one magical fix is to inflate the household home's value from $100,000 to $300,000 in a few years.
Now the household has $200,000 in new wealth it can tap. Wow, was that easy or what? That's the easiest $200,000 we ever made!
Of course the house didn't actually gain any additional functional or utility value; it still has the same number of rooms, etc. It still only provides shelter for the same number of residents. The $200,000 in "wealth" that can now be borrowed or accessed via selling the house does not reflect an increase in the collateral's utility value — it's all financial magic leveraged off an unchanging utility value and household income.
These games look like a Perpetual Motion Money Machine. There is no cost, it seems, to expanding debt and assets bubbles; if future income doesn't rise enough to service the growing mountain of debt, we either print more money, lower the interest rate or create "wealth" with even grander asset bubbles.
But there is eventually a problem. At some point, even 0.1% interest becomes unaffordable, and adding zeroes to the currency devalues the currency faster than incomes rise. Asset bubbles run out of greater fools to buy at elevated prices. Borrowers default, asset prices crash, and everyone holding the currency is impoverished.
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이슬람 여성운동가 아얀 히르시 알리의 글
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최고의 덕은 용기를 필요로 한다. 따라서 그것은 인기가 없어야 한다.
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이슬람 여성운동가 아얀 히르시 알리의 글
최고의 덕은 용기를 필요로 한다. 따라서 그것은 인기가 없어야 한다.
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Terror will continue until Islam is reformed
Melanie Phillips
Even now, with Theresa May saying “enough is enough” after the London Bridge atrocities, we are still refusing to identify correctly the threat that has already claimed so many lives.
These attackers are not “evil losers”. They are not “sick cowards”. They are not nihilists or psychiatric cases or lone wolves. They are devout and ecstatic Muslim fanatics who are waging a war of religion against us.....
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